摘要
纵观学术史,中国古代住宅很少进入历史学家的视野,至于汉代长安的高级住宅即所谓"甲第",研究的就更少了。有鉴于此,我们从历史、地理、文献和建筑等方面作了探索,发现西汉列侯、公主、将军、丞相等在京师长安都有甲第;国王朝见皇帝或有大事时,则居京师邸第。这些甲第,在布局上,主要分布在未央宫东阙、北阙、宣平贵里和长安城北五陵、城东杜陵、霸陵的陵邑;在时间上,从高祖六年到吕后六年(前201—前182)有诸侯、王邸第百余所,在文景武昭宣成帝至汉末,仍有甲第修建;在性质上,系国家赐予(分配)或营造,是身份地位的标志,只有较高政治地位者才能获得使用权,所有权则归国家,可见它不是商品,不能交易,列侯可改建、扩建,失侯时朝廷收回,另赐他人。
The marquises,the princesses,the generals,the prime ministers and other important figures in the Western Han Dynasty,have residences given and created by the state,which were high-grade residences in Chang’an,the capital of the Western Han Dynasty.The kings,who usually resided at the palace of their own kingdom,would stay in their residences in the capital when to meet with the emperor or to attend other important state events in Chang’an.In Empress Lu s later years,there were more than a hundred of residences,which were offered to the marquises,and kings,who were heroes during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Han.These residences,built and owned by the state,were offered for temporary residence,but the ownership belonged to the central administration.The marquises or kings might rebuild and extend the residences,but when they or their successors lost the title/honor,the state would withdraw the residences and give the residences to others.These residences were not the commodities for trading.The residence was symbol of its resident s social identity and status,in that only the one who has both high political status and high social status could live in the residence in Chang an,given by the court as an honor.
作者
王培华
戴国庆
WANG Pei-hua;DAI Guo-qing(School of History,BNU,Beijing 100875;Second High School,BNU,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期122-134,共13页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
关键词
汉
长安
住宅
甲第
等级身份
Han Dynasty
Chang’an city
residence
high-grade Residence(甲第)
status and hierarchy
