摘要
以鱼粉和小麦蛋白粉为蛋白源,配制成6种等氮等脂(粗蛋白45%;粗脂肪10%)的饲料,研究其对大黄鱼(Larimichthys Crocea)幼鱼生长、肠道组织结构及肠道微生物菌群的影响。这6种饲料是以发酵豆粕分别替代基础饲料(含40%鱼粉)中0(FSM0,对照组)、15%(FSM15)、30%(FSM30)、45%(FSM45)、60%(FSM60)和75%(FSM75)的鱼粉制作而成。经过56d的生长实验,结果表明,饲料中随着发酵豆粕替代比例的升高,各处理组大黄鱼幼鱼(10.49±0.03)g的存活率无显著性差异(P>0.05),但FSM60和FSM75组有下降趋势;相比FSM0组,FSM60和FSM75组的特定生长率(SGR)和增重率(WGR)显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)显著升高(P<0.05);摄食率(FI)FSM 60和FSM 75组显著高于FSM0、FSM15、FSM30和FSM45组(P<0.05)。肠道组织结构研究发现,各处理组肠道组织结构后肠黏膜、皱襞高度、固有膜宽度和杯状细胞个数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。Illumina-Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析发现,FSM0(TC对照组)、FSM45(TB最佳生长组)和FSM75(TW最差生长组)组Chao1、香农指数(Shannon)、辛普森指数(Simpson)和覆盖率(Good coverage)均无显著性差异(P>0.05);基于门水平,TC、TB和TW组大黄鱼幼鱼肠道优势菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);而在属水平,类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus)占绝对优势。从属水平差异菌属研究发现,发酵豆粕对大黄鱼幼鱼肠道菌群有一定的影响:与最差生长组(TW)相比,最佳生长组(TB)和对照组(TC)均显著增加了类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus)和嗜碱菌属(Alkaliphilus)的物种丰度(P<0.05);与TW组相比,TB组水栖菌属(Enhydrobacter)和TC组副球菌属(Paracoccus)的物种丰度均显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,发酵豆粕替代鱼粉达45%时对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长、肠道组织结构及肠道优势菌群没有负面影响,即发酵豆粕替代饲料(含40%鱼粉)中45%的鱼粉较为适宜。
The fermented soybean meal(FSM)was used as a replacement of fish meal(FM)in a practical diet with 45%protein and 10%lipid,to investigate its effects on the growth,intestinal histology,and the structure of intestinal dominant bacteria in juvenile large yellow croaker.FM was replaced by 0,15%,30%,45%,60%and 75%of FSM(FSM0,FSM15,FSM30,FSM45,FSM60 and FSM75),respectively.The fish of 10.49±0.03 g was hand-fed daily to satiation twice for 56 days.Results showed that survival was not significantly affected with all the diets(P>0.05),but in groups FSM60 and FSM75,the SR had a downward trend.In comparison with FM0,the weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)in FSM60 and FSM75 groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the feed conversion rate(FCR)increased significantly(P<0.05).Feed intake(FI)increased significantly in FSM60 and FSM75 groups(P<0.05),compared with that in FSM0,FSM15,FSM30 and FSM45 groups.The observed intestinal histology results showed that Mucosa thickness,Mucosafold height,Laminapropria width and Gobletcell quantity were not significantly affected in all the diets(P>0.05).Sequencing results of intestinal contents from Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology showed that the index of Chao1,Shannon,Simpson and Good coverage in FSM0(TC the control),FSM45(TB the best group in growth)and FSM75(TW the worst group in growth)were not significantly affected(P>0.05).Firmicutes group totally dominated the bacterial communities in juvenile large yellow croaker.Paenibacillus genus was the most dominant bacteria in microbial ecosystem.Bacterial composition had certain effect on the growth of large yellow croaker:compared with TW group,the species richness of Paenibacillus and Alkaliphilus increased significantly in TB group and TC group(P<0.05).However,compared with TW group,the species richness of Enhydrobacter in TB and Paracoccus in TC decreased significantly(P<0.05).These results suggested that the optimal dietary protein level was about 45%without negtive effects on the growth,intestinal histology,and the structure of intestinal dominant bacteria in juvenile large yellow croaker.
作者
何娇娇
王萍
冯建
娄宇栋
HE Jiao-Jiao;WANG Ping;FENG Jian;LOU Yu-Dong(Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Equipment and Engineering Technology,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316000,China;School of Marine Sciences,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期919-928,共10页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(31602205)
国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201505025)
浙江省自然科学重点基金(Z16E090006)
浙江省重中之重学科开放基金(XKZSC1406)
舟山市海洋专项(2015C41001)
浙江海洋大学省重中之重学科项目(20161105)资助。
关键词
大黄鱼幼鱼
发酵豆粕
肠道结构
高通量测序
肠道微生物
Large yellow croaker
Fermented soybean meal
Intestinal histology
High-throughput sequencing
Intestinal microbiota
作者简介
何娇娇(1990—),女,贵州省遵义人;硕士研究生;研究方向为海洋生物养殖学。E-mail:915316064@qq.com。;通信作者:王萍,副教授,硕士研究生导师。E-mail:17855848289@163.com。
