摘要
明代士大夫能够认可商人、商业的社会功用,肯定经商治生满足家计的合理需求与资国通货的正当价值。还有士大夫从"尽心"视角出发,着眼于商人在裨益社会人生方面发挥的积极作用,主张四民"异业同道",阐发"义利相通"理念。他们以是否践行社会"公义"作为考量商人道德事功的尺度,尤为看重其理财经世才能。此外,一些士大夫鉴于商品经济过度膨胀导致的不良后果,对弃农趋末、竞财嗜利等不良世风亦提出严厉批评。总的来说,明代士大夫的"商人-商业"观表达出他们试图协调农商混合经济使之与帝制体系相适共生、互洽并荣的思想倾向,这种态度也是合乎中国帝制农商社会常态发展逻辑的体现。
Scholar-bureaucrats in the Ming dynasty recognize commerce s function and merchants role in society.Firstly,they agreed that engagement in business activities was a reasonable means of livelihood and has justifiable contribution to currency circulation.Secondly,they valued merchants positive role in benefiting the society and life,asserting that all professions must stick to the same principles,and that individual and public interests were connected with each other.Thirdly,they measured merchants morality with the standard whether they made a contribution to pubic interests,paying special attention to merchants skills of managing money and ways of living.However,some scholar-bureaucrats criticized the unhealthy tendencies such as abandoning agriculture and hoarding wealth,which were caused by the excessive expansion of commodity economy.Their attitudes towards commerce and merchants reveal their intention to achieve balance between the agro commerce mixed economy and the monarchical system,which also embodies the development logic of the monarchical agriculture-commercial society.
出处
《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期136-144,192,共10页
Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"明清商人传记资料整理与研究"(14ZDB035)
项目负责人:张明富
作者简介
常文相,历史学博士,中国社会科学院历史研究所,博士后研究人员。
