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柏拉图《会饮》中的爱欲与理念学说 被引量:1

Platonic Eros and the Theory of the Forms in Symposion
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摘要 在柏拉图那里,爱若斯(ε'ρω9)首次成为哲学上的一个重要概念,因为在他看来,爱若斯不仅在希腊的城邦生活中与公民的德性教化息息相关,而且更与智慧、美的理念、静观沉思的生活有关。后一种联系才真正将爱若斯的自然本性揭示出来,自此,爱若斯与哲学和美的理念不可分开地联系在一起,爱若斯就是哲学家的自我镜像,就是哲学自身的隐喻。本文以《会饮》中六篇有关爱若斯的颂辞为基础来分析爱若斯与教化、爱若斯与哲学之间的关系。前五篇颂辞并没有揭示出爱若斯的真正面目,而苏格拉底假借女先知蒂奥提玛的口才讲出了爱若斯在智慧与无知、神与人之间的中间性存在的本质。实际上,对于柏拉图来说,爱若斯对于智慧和美的理念之欲求既是以符合德性的伦理生活为条件,也是以能够看见那美与善的理念本体为旨趣,伦理学与形而上学是一回事。 Eros became an important philosophical term firstly in Plato,because according to him,Eros does not only have a close connection with the education of the citizens in terms of the virtues,but also plays a very important role in pursuing the wisdomm,the Form of the beauty and the comtemplative life.We can say that Eros is the self-mirroring image of the philosopher himself or the metapher of the philosophy itself.This thesis tries to analyse the relationship between Eros and the education of virtues,between Eros and the philosophy,based on the six encomiums on Eros in Plato's Symposion.The early five encomiums do not reveal the true nature of the Eros,but Socrates,in the mouth of Diotima,brings its true nature into light,i.e.the Eros is a intermediary being between the wisdom and the ignorance,between gods and humans.In reality,the Eros's desire for wisdom and the Form of the beauty presupposes the ethical life in accordance with the virutes,and also has its target in contemplating them.Therefore,for Plato,the ethics and the metaphysics are the one.
作者 田书峰
出处 《当代中国价值观研究》 2017年第3期17-27,共11页 Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values
基金 2013年度国家社会科学基金重大项目"希腊罗马伦理学综合研究"(13&ZD065)的阶段性成果
关键词 爱若斯 柏拉图 理念 爱欲 Eros Plato Form Desire
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