摘要
要建设社会主义,解决好农业、农村与农民问题,既涉及到农村发展的道路、制度、体制和方针政策,国家发展战略中农业与工业的关系、农村与城市的关系,也涉及到农村的政治建设、社会治理、文化建设,其中,处理好农民与国家、集体与农民的关系是关键。从合作化到农业税费改革以来的实践表明,我国农村建设中的集体化机制和以此为依托的国家集体两条腿走路的方针是中国特色社会主义优越性的体现。在不同的历史阶段,这种机制都可以通过把农民组织起来,办好那些一家一户自己办不了、办不好,又亟须办的大事。单靠充分调动市场经济主体的积极性和充分发挥市场经济配置资源的有效性、或靠政府发挥好作用均无法替代这个机制,它是发挥农民主体性作用的基本途径。
In order to develop socialism and solve problems concerning agriculture,rural area and farmers,China has to address issues related to rural institutions,systems and policies,while properly handling relations between agriculture and industry,between rural and urban areas.It also involves political construction,social governance,and cultural development in rural areas,with special emphasis on handling farmers’relationship with state,collective body,and other farmers.From cooperative movement to agricultural tax reform,various practices indicate that collectivization mechanism and the two-pronged approach of state and collective farms it underpins are the embodiment of systemic superiority of socialism with Chinese characteristics.At different historical stages,such mechanism has enabled the collective body to deal with major or urgent issues individual households could handle well.This role can neither be replaced by sufficiently activating market economy nor by sufficiently unleashing the market’s effectiveness in resource allocation.It is the basic way in which farmers could bring their subjectivity into play in addition to government fulfilling its own role.
出处
《东方学刊》
2019年第3期33-39,118-119,共8页
Dongfang Journal
关键词
农村建设
合作化
农业集体化
农村改革
Rural development
cooperative movement
rural collectivization
agricultural collectivization
rural reform
作者简介
周建明,上海社会科学院社会学研究所研究员
