摘要
金属的制备和使用中易大量吸收氢元素从而导致氢脆,这是使金属构件脆化乃至断裂的原因之一。文章回顾了氢脆现象的机制和氢对金属的有害作用,并介绍了氢对金属的细化组织、净化熔体、增加塑性与促进非晶化等有益作用。合理利用氢元素可以制备更好性能和特殊性能的材料,并能改善加工性能,简化加工步骤。同时,可以利用氢气在特定金属膜中的溶解和析出,实现低纯度氢气的净化与提纯。
Hydrogen embrittlement is the consequence of strong interaction between hydrogen and metals and the cause of fracture failure of metal components. The mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement is reviewed and the harmful effect of hydrogen on metal is elaborated. The effect of hydrogen on the microstructure of metal is also introduced, thus re？ning the microstructure, purifying the melt, plasticizing and non-crystallizing. The proper use of hydrogen can prepare materials with better and special properties, improve processing conditions and simplify process. Meanwhile, the adsorption, diffusion and precipitation of hydrogen in metal and metal ？lms can also help the puri？cation of low purity hydrogen.
作者
苏彦庆
颜卉
王亮
骆良顺
李新中
郭景杰
傅恒志
SU Yanqing;YAN Hui;WANG Liang;LUO Liangshun;LI Xinzhong;GUO Jingjie;FU Hengzhi(National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)
出处
《自然杂志》
2018年第5期323-342,共20页
Chinese Journal of Nature
关键词
氢
金属
氢脆机理
置氢技术
材料制备
透氢膜
hydrogen
metal
hydrogen embrittlement mechanism
hydrogenation technology
materials preparation
hydrogen permeation membrane
作者简介
通信作者:苏彦庆,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,研究方向:金属材料熔炼和凝固的理论与技术.E-mail:suyq@hit.edu.cn;傅恒志,中国工程院院士,研究方向:金属材料及凝固理论
