摘要
十九世纪的美国正处于由农业时代向工业时代转型的阶段,面对充斥着拜金主义和享乐主义的工业社会,亨利·梭罗(Henry David Thoreau)以超前的眼光预见到了工业社会精神失落的后果,并毅然选择在瓦尔登湖畔度过为期两年的"与禽兽相伴,与飞鸟为邻"的农耕生活。《瓦尔登湖》(Walden)一书便蕴藏着梭罗批判现实社会、回归自然的渴望和探索内心的呼吁。他强烈反对以牺牲自然的方式来发展经济以及用物质享受来代替精神进步的做法,深切地希望像守住瓦尔登湖那样守住人类的精神家园。梭罗呼吁人们勤劳节俭,褪去华丽的装饰,过质朴的生活,找回人类最本真的东西。人类与自然是生命共同体,梭罗认为改变人类心灵深处的价值倾向,可以提升社会风气,最后实现社会整体道德品质的升华,从而使人类自觉地承担起保护生态环境的职责。他呼吁人类减少对欲望的过度关注,将疲于奔命的时间用在思考人类应当如何正确发展,如何与自然和谐相处上,减少一些自己给自己的束缚,让肉体和精神共同回归自由。这种深刻的人性复归的生态思想对于我国的生态文明建设具有重要的借鉴意义,它可以使我们从物质的枷锁中解放出来,做大自然的旅居者而不是占有者,放慢脚步去探索内心深处的瓦尔登湖。
In the nineteenth century, the United States was in the transition from the agricultural age to the industrial age. Faced with the industrial society rife with money worship and hedonism, Henry David Thoreau foresaw the consequences of spiritual loss in the industrial society and spent two years of farming life with birds and beasts on the lakeside of Walden. Walden contains Thoreau＇s critique of the real world, his desire to return to nature, and his appeal to explore inner self. He strongly opposed economic development at the expense of nature and substituting material enjoyment for spiritual progress, and deeply hoped to preserve the spiritual homeland of mankind like Walden Lake, which was the last clear lake. Thoreau helped people to find out the most essential things by calling on people to be industrious and thrifty, to take off gorgeous decorations, and to live a simple life. Human society and nature are an organic whole of life. In Thoreau＇s opinion, the social atmosphere could be changed thought changing the value tendency rooted in human soul, and thus the morality of the whole society could be improved and people would consciously assume the responsibility of protecting the ecological environment. He proposed that people should not be concerned about their desires too much, and the excessive time spent on desire would be used to think about how human society should develop properly to be in harmony with nature, so that some of the shackles on people would be thrown off and people＇s body and spirit would regain freedom. This profound ecological thought of human nature＇s return has significance for ecological civilization construction in China today. It can free us from the shackles of material, promoting people to be sojourners rather than occupants of nature and slowdown to explore the inner selves in their hearts.
出处
《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
2018年第3期29-35,共7页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
南京林业大学青年创新基金项目"伦理认同的现代形态研究"(CX2016035)
南京林业大学思想政治专项基金资助项目
作者简介
倪铭英,南京林业大学马克思主义学院硕士研究生.
