摘要
石墨属晶态单质碳,天然石墨分为致密结晶状石墨、鳞片状晶质石墨、隐晶质石墨3类,我国石墨矿床类型主要为鳞片状晶质石墨和隐晶质石墨。隐晶质石墨地下开采已经形成规模,对于鳞片状晶质石墨的开采,国内外多以露天开采为主,但露天开采剥采比大、成本高,且对环境与植被破坏较大。近年来,湖北精英石墨矿鳞片状晶质石墨矿床地下开采已初具规模,通过对该矿开采技术条件与地下开采方案进行了详细分析,结果表明:(1)我国晶质石墨矿床以区域变质型为主,成矿时代及地质特征近似,含矿岩系均为中—深变质岩系,矿体围岩特征大体相同,因而精英石墨矿地下开采对于鳞片状晶质石墨矿床开采具有借鉴意义;(2)根据精英石墨矿矿体赋存特征,采用分段凿岩阶段矿房嗣后充填法在采场生产安全性、采场生产能力、通风效果、回采率等方面相对于其他方法具有明显优势;(3)鳞片状晶质石墨在工业上的用途越来越广泛,加强鳞片状晶质石墨地下开采的研究,对于充分开发利用深部石墨矿资源大有裨益。
Graphite belongs to crystalline carbon,natural graphite can be divided into three catego- ries ：compact crystalline graphite,flake crystalline graphite and aphanitic graphite. The graphite deposits types of China maily consists of scaly crystalline graphite and aphanitic graphite. Underground mining of aphanitic graphite has formed a large scale, due to the mining of flake crystalline graphite, open-pit mining methed is mainly aodpted in domestic and overseas, but the corresponding problems such as large strip- ping ratio,high cost are existed,besides that,the damge of the mining activities to environment and vege- taiton is obvious. In recent years,the underground mining of flake crystalline graphite orebody of Jingying Graphite Mine in Hubei Province has reached a certain scale,the mining technical conditions and under- ground mining scheme of the mine are analyzed in detail. The study results show that：①the crystalline graphite deposits in China are mainly for regional metamorphic type deposit, the metallogenic epoch and geological characteristics of them are approximate, the surrounding rock characteristics of orebodies are generally the same, therefore, the mining experience of Jingling Graphite Mine has reference significance for the mining of flake crystalline graphite deposit ; ②according to the orebody occurrence characteristics of Jingying Graphite Mine,the sublevel drilling stage chamber backfilling method is the optimal one,is is superior to the other mining methods in stope production safety, stope production capacity, ventilation effects and stoping rate ;③flake crystalline graphite is used more and more widely in industrial fields,the study of the underground mining of flake crystalline graphite should be strengthened, so as to make full use the deep graphite resources.
作者
易承生
陈卫东
Chengsheng;Chen Weidong(Hubei Corps of China Building Materials IndustU Geological Exploration Center;Hubei Liantou Hengda Graphite Co.,Ltd.)
出处
《现代矿业》
CAS
2018年第9期84-87,91,共5页
Modern Mining
关键词
鳞片状晶质石墨
隐晶质石墨
地下开采
分段凿岩阶段矿房嗣后充填法
Flake crystalline graphite
Aphanitic graphite
Underground mining
Sublevel drillingstage chamber backfilling method
作者简介
易承生（1972-），男，高级工程师，430000湖北省武汉市。
