摘要
为探明华北地区最佳密度条件下玉米群体产量的最优种植形式,采用裂区试验设计,主区种植形式设带宽150 cm三密一稀[60 cm种植3行(行距30 cm)+90 cm大行距种植为一带]、带宽120 cm三密一稀[40 cm种植3行(行距20 cm)+80 cm大行距种植为一带]和60 cm等行距(CK)3个水平,副区密度设4.50万、6.00万、8.25万、10.50万和12.75万株/hm^2计5个水平,研究了不同种植形式与密度对玉米产量和生物性状的影响。结果表明:采用150 cm三密一稀种植形式中高密度栽培时,与对照相比,可以显著降低穗位高,增加叶面积指数,株高和茎粗差异不显著,抽丝后8.25万、10.50万和12.75万株/hm^2密度处理的叶面积指数平均值分别提高了15.00%、5.69%和19.82%;穗位高分别降低6.17 cm、2.17 cm和3.67 cm,有效降低倒伏风险;籽粒产量明显提高,6.00万和8.25万株/hm^2密度下分别较CK增产7.83%和6.72%。经回归分析,得到150 cm三密一稀种植形式的理论籽粒产量最大值为12 030.80 kg/hm^2,相应的定植密度为8.49万株/hm^2。
In order to find out the optimum planting form of maize population yield under the optimum density in North China, the split-plot design was adopted. In the main plot,three levels were designed including 150 cm wide planting belt（3 rows planted in width of 60 cm with 90 cm of large row spacing）,120 cm wide planting belt（3 rows planted in width of 40 cm with 80 cm of large row spacing）,and 60 cm of same row spacing（CK）.In the subplot,the density was arranged including 45 000,60 000,82 500,105 000 and 127 500 plants/hm^2. The effects of different planting forms and densities on the yield and biological characters of maize were studied. The results showed that the height of ear significantly decreased,leaf area index increased,and plant height and stem diameter were not significantly different between middle and high density cultivation with 150 cm wide planting belt.After silking,the average leaf area index of 82 500,105 000 and 127 500 p l ants/hm^2 were 15.00%,5.69% and19.82% higher than that of CK,respectively,and the height of ear reduced by 6.17 cm,2.17 cm and 3.67 cm,respectively,which could effectively reduce the risk of lodging. The grain yield of 60 000 and 82 500 plants/hm^2 increased by 7.83% and 6.72% than that of CK,respectively. By regression anal y sis, the theoretical maximum grain yield of 150 cm wid e planti ng belt was 12 030.80 kg/hm^2,and the corresponding planting density was 84 900 plants/hm^2.
作者
刘胜尧
范凤翠
贾宋楠
王贺垒
石玉芳
李志宏
贾建明
董秀秀
LIU Sheng-yao;FAN Feng-cui;JIA Song-nan;WANG He-lei;SHI Yu-fang;LI Zhi-hong;JIA Jian-ming;Dong Xiu-xiu(Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Agrculture and Animal Husbandry Bateau of Guangping County,Guangping 057650,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2018年第2期12-16,22,共6页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
科技部国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300908)
河北省科学技术研究与发展计划项目(16227002D)
石家庄市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(161510072A)
关键词
玉米
密度
种植形式
生物性状
产量
Maize
Density
Planting form
Biological characters
Yield
作者简介
刘胜尧（1980-），男，河北武邑人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事农业资源高效利用研究。E—mail：nkynxs@163．com;通讯作者：贾建明（1963-），男，河北井陉人，研究员，硕士，主要从事节水农业研究。
