摘要
2015年5—9月对青岛崂山湾两个人工礁区大型底栖海藻的水平和垂直分布特征进行了调查,初步探明了两个人工礁区大型底栖海藻的群落特征、月际更替规律及其对环境因子的响应。结果表明,崂山湾两个人工礁区内及礁区间不同水深的水流强度差异极显著,不同月份温度差异显著;调查期间共采集到大型底栖海藻26种,隶属于3门17科21属,其中红藻15种,褐藻7种,绿藻4种,分别占总种类数的57.69%、26.92%和15.38%;不同月份的大型底栖海藻种类更替差异显著,酸藻(Desmarestia viridis)、金膜藻(Chrysymenia wrightii)和扁江蓠(Gracilaria textorii)分别是春季、夏季和秋季的第一优势种;大型底栖藻类群落的物种多样性指数呈先升高后降低趋势,且三亩前礁区多样性指数普遍高于黄山口礁区,温度变化是造成不同月份物种多样性指数和优势种变化的主要原因。冗余分析(RDA)排序结果显示,温度是影响大型底栖藻类月际更替的主要因素,对变量的解释率达到37.64%;水流强度和水深是影响大型底栖藻类水平和垂直分布的主要环境因子,对变量的解释率分别为26.54%和19.13%。研究结果表明,崂山湾人工鱼礁为大型底栖海藻提供了良好的附着基;礁区建成5年后大型底栖海藻群落已经发展至顶级群落,群落的季节更替较稳定,具有一定抵御外界干扰的能力。
Benthic macroalgae are highly productive and increase biodiversity through the provision of a habitat for marine organisms and act as spawning,nursery,and feeding grounds for an extensive range of marine fauna.As a dominant habitat-former on temperate rocky coastlines,benthic macroalgae are important fundamental species in the temperate marine climate owing to their high productivity and extensive distribution.However,the loss of benthic macroalgal habitats has been widespread along the rocky coastlines owing to various perturbations,including climate change,species invasion,sedimentation increase,and anthropogenic stress.The establishment of artificial reefs have been proven an efficient approach for the recovery of the benthic macroalgae ecosystem.For the past three decades,the habitats of benthic macroalgae in Laoshan Bay of Qingdao have been destroyed by anthropogenic activities such as mariculture and fisheries.To mitigate the habitat losses of benthic macroalgae and restore the spawning grounds,artificial rocky reefs were deployed in two coastal areas,Huangshankou,which has high levels of wave motion and Sanmuqian,which has low levels of wave motion,between 2009 and 2010.After the deployment of artificial reefs,the marine habitats underwent a long-term and dynamic process prior to the formation of stable ecosystems.The inter-month variation and distributional pattern of benthic macroalgal communities were a reflection of the self-adaption of the ecosystem to the changing conditions.To study the community characteristics,inter-monthly variation,and response to the environmental factors of benthic macroalgae in the artificial reef zones,the horizontal and vertical distribution of the benthic macroalgae in two artificial reef zones were investigated between May and September 2015.Wave motion indexes between the two artificial reef zones showed extremely significant differences,whereas similar conditions were found among different wave depths in the same artificial reef zones.The temperature range between May and November showed significant variation,whereas no significant difference was found between artificial reef zones at same the time.A total of 26species of 21 genera,belonging to three phyla were found;among these,15 species belonged to Rhodophyta,7species belonged to Phaeophyta,and 4 species belonged to Chlorophyta,which accounted for 57.69%,26.92%,and 15.38%of the total,respectively.The replacement of benthic macroalgal species in different months displayed significant differences：Desmarestia viridis,Chrysymenia wrightii,and Gracilaria textorii were the predominant species during spring,summer,and autumn,respectively.The species diversity indices of benthic macroalgae increased at first and decreased subsequently,whereas the indices in Sanmuqian reef zone were generally higher than those in Huangshankou Reef zone.Differences in the species diversity indices and the dominant species in different months were mainly caused by temperature variations and different temperature adaptability of macroalgal species.Redundancy analysis further proved that temperature was the key influential factor in the monthly replacement of benthic macroalgae and contributed to 37.64%of the variation,whereas wave motion and depth were the key influencing factors in the horizontal and vertical distribution of benthic macroalgae and accounted for 26.54%and 19.13%of the variation,respectively.The results indicated that the artificial reefs provided efficient substrates for benthic macroalgae in Laoshan Bay.The benthic macroalgal communities showed relative stable seasonal perturbation in the artificial reefs,which reach maturity and have the ability to withstand the external disturbances 5 years after deployment of the artificial reefs.
作者
杨晓龙
吕洪斌
胡成业
张秀梅
YANG Xiaolong;LYU Hongbin;HU Chengye;ZHANG Xiumei(Key Laboratory of Mariculture,Ministry of Education;Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;2.Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266003,China)
出处
《中国水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期642-653,共12页
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基金
海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(201405010)
关键词
崂山湾
大型底栖海藻
人工鱼礁
水流强度
月际动态
Laoshan Bay
benthic macroalgae
artificial reef
wave motion
intermonth dynamic
作者简介
杨晓龙（1988–）,男,博士研究生,从事渔业资源与生态研究.E-mail：xiaolong1988_@126.com;通信作者：张秀梅,教授.E-mail：gaozhang@ouc.edu.cn
