摘要
水獭是淡水生态系统中重要的指示物种,其就地保护和迁地保护对维持区域生物多样性和水生生态系统稳定具有现实意义.目前东北地区水獭种群分布面积退缩和种群数量锐减,基础研究缺乏,本底不清.近10年水獭种群信息仅见于部分名录、新闻报道和长白山保护区的监测结果,科研经费和研究人员匮乏,保护力度严重不足.因此,本研究基于资料搜集和访问调查的数据,利用物种分布模型模拟了东北地区水獭种群的潜在分布区,再结合现有自然保护区分布,分析了其保护现状及空缺.结果表明,水獭的适宜分布区面积为39.17万km2,占研究区域内总面积的17.99%;有保护区覆盖的水獭分布区面积为4.77万km2,占水獭分布区面积的2.19%.东北水獭种群集中分布在大兴安岭北段、小兴安岭中部、三江平原东北角和长白山东部,其中大兴安岭是其分布中心.主要保护空缺是在长白山林区中南部、小兴安岭南部山区和大兴安岭的北部山区.因此,建议扩大现有国家级保护区面积,升级省市级保护区,在现有保护区之间建立保护廊道,提升保护效果.
Eurasian otter（ Lutra lutra） is an important indicator species of freshwater ecosystems. Its in-situ and ex-situ conservation are of practical significance in maintaining healthy regional biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem. The range of otter in Northeast China has been decreased drastically,and the knowledge of the remaining range is still inadequate. We integrated the occurrence records from data collection and interview investigation with the species distribution model to estimate the otter potential distribution in Northeast China. The results showed that the potential distribution area of otter is 39.17 million km2（17.99% of the total area） and the nature reserves covers 4.77 million km2（2.19% of the potential distribution area）. The otter populations are mainly distributed in four mountain areas： the Greater Khingan Mountains,the north of the Lesser Khingan Mountains,the northeast corner of Sanjiang Plain and the east of the Changbai Mountains. Our result also highlight that the GAP have located in the south part of the Changbai Mountains forest,south of the Lesser Khingan Mountains and the north mountainous area of the Greater Khingan Mountains. We recommend to expand the area of nature reserves,strengthen the conservation practices in existing nature reserve,and establish corridors between fragmented habitats to enhance the conservation and management efforts.
作者
吕江
杨立
杨蕾
李婧昕
黄木娇
栾晓峰
LV Jiang;YANG Li;YANG Lei;LI Jingxin;HUANG Mujiao;LUAN Xiaofeng(School of Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期473-479,共7页
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition
基金
国家"十二五"重大科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC09B00)
关键词
水獭
物种分布模型
物种潜在分布区
东北地区
otter
species distribution model
potential distribution
Northeast China
作者简介
吕江（1993-），女，硕士研究生．研究方向：自然深护区管理与生物多样性深护．Email：shier911@163．com．;通信作者栾晓峰（1964-）男，研究员，博士．研究方向：生物多样性深护与利用Email：luanxiaofeng@bjfu.edu.cn.
