摘要
马克思对待道德的态度貌似矛盾,他一方面猛烈地抨击现代道德,并视其为一种虚假意识;另一方面在批判资本主义的过程中却诉诸了大量的道德判断。通过考察伦理思想史,我们发现,"道德"一词最初是在西方文化演进的过程作为"伦理"一词的互译词而具有与"伦理"一词相同的蕴涵。随着历史的发展和现代文化的变迁,"道德"一词逐渐脱离了奠基于美德的"伦理"之蕴涵,由古希腊时期的"伦常"向现代的"法则"流变。马克思之所以批判道德并加以拒斥,是因为作为"法则"的道德在现代社会具有意识形态的性质,并着眼于统治阶级的利益。马克思的道德批判充分揭示了其伦理旨趣,即从"现代道德"回归"古代伦理",通过创造一个理想的居留空间,使生活于其中的个体充分发挥其潜能并实现作为人之现实本质的美德。
It seems that Karl Marx is inconsistent in his attitude towards morality,because on one hand,he violently attacked the modern morality,and regarded it as a false consciousness;on the other hand,he resorted to much moral judgment in the process of criticizing capitalism.The history of ethical thought reveals that the word ＂morality＂was originally translated as the equivalent of the word ＂ethics＂embodied in the process of evolution in Western culture and had the same implication as the word＂ethics＂.With the development of history and modern cultural change,the word＂morality＂gradually moved away from the implication of＂ethics＂based on virtues,changing from the＂ethics＂in ancient Greece to the＂laws＂in modern times.The reason why Marx criticizes and rejects morality is that morality as a＂rule＂has ideological implications in modern society,and centers on the interests of the ruling class.Marx＇s critique of morality fully reveals its ethical intention,that is,a return from＂modern morality＂to＂ancient ethics＂,by creating an ideal residential space,where individuals can give full play to their potential and achieve virtue-based goals as the nature of mankind.
作者
符海平
FU Hai-ping(institute of Marxism,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)
出处
《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期1-9,共9页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition
基金
2017年度国家社科基金项目"马克思社会理想中的美德伦理思想研究"(17CZX062)
2017年度广州市哲学社会科学发展"十三五"规划课题"马克思伦理思想的完善论之维及其当代观照研究"(2017GZMZYB44)
作者简介
符海平，男，江西永丰人，广州大学讲师，博士，研究方向为马克思主义伦理学、亚里士多德美德伦理学。
