摘要
作为一类由共轭单元构建的多孔材料,共轭纳米孔聚合物(CNPs)具有开放的孔骨架、高的比表面积、永久的微孔-介孔、共轭结构以及可灵活设计的孔壁化学环境,有望成为一类理想的宿主材料,实现从分子和纳米尺度上固定或捕获客体。锂硫电池具有比能量高、成本低、环境友好等优势,是一种非常有前景的高比能锂二次电池;然而,硫的分步还原或氧化过程中产生的中间态多硫化物在电解液中的溶解穿梭现象,是导致电池循环稳定性差的根本原因之一。构建束缚多硫化物的宿主材料是锂硫电池性能突破的关键。CNPs由于其结构优势,有望成为性能优良的硫宿主材料。本文综述了近年来CNPs在锂硫电池中的应用,重点讨论了抑制"穿梭效应"提升电池性能的策略与方法,并对未来该领域的发展进行了展望。
As a class of porous polymeric materials constructed by the conjugated building blocks,conjugated nanoporous polymers（CNPs）exhibit open framework structures,high surface areas,permanent micro-or mesopores,conjugated skeletons,and the flexible molecular design from predefined building blocks for both porous skeleton and pore surface.Therefore,they offer a promising platform as a class of ideal host matrices for immobilization/entrapment of guest molecules or materials at molecular and nanoscale level.Lithium-sulfur（Li-S）batteries are regarded as a kind of promising high-density energystorage technology due to their relatively high theoretical capacity,low cost and environmental benignity.However,one of the critical problems is the shuttling of soluble polysulfides in organic electrolyte derived from stepwise redox transformation between S and Li2 S,giving rise to the rapid capacity fading.Constructing sulfur hosts with efficient polysulfides immobilization ability is critical to make a breakthrough in Li-S batteries.Using CNPs as host materials is a feasible strategy,which benefitted from their unique structural features.Compared to traditional polymers,CNPs have sufficient nanopores,which can provide space to load sulfur and physical confinement towards polysulfides,thus restricting the dissolution and shuttle of polysulfides.Moreover,by designing special functionalities either on the pore skeleton or on the pore wall,chemical interactions/affinities with polysulfides can be created in CNPs.As a result,both physical confinements and chemical adsorption can be simultaneously realized so as to further inhibit the shuttle effect,thus improving the performance of Li-S batteries.This review summarizes the progress of CNPs used in Li-S batteries in recent years,focuses on the strategies of CNPs in preventing shuttle effect and boosting performance of Li-S batteries,and finally presents a perspective on the future development in this field.
作者
徐飞
杨书浩
刘千惠
李贺军
魏秉庆
王洪强
XU Fei;YANG Shu-hao;LIUQian-hui;LI He-jun;WEI Bing-qing;WANGHong-qiang(State KeyLaboratory of Solidification Processing,Center for Nano Energy Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)
出处
《功能高分子学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期285-298,共14页
Journal of Functional Polymers
基金
国家自然科学基金(51702262
5167222
51521061)
陕西省自然科学基金(2017JQ5003
2017JM5028)
陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划(20160103)
关键词
共轭纳米孔聚合物
锂硫电池
穿梭效应
正极材料
conjugated nanoporous polymers
lithium-sulfur batteries
shuttle effect
cathode materials
作者简介
徐飞（1985-）,男,陕西府谷人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为功能多孔聚合物和碳材料.E-mail：feixu@nwpu.edu.cn.通信联系人：徐飞,E-mail：feixu@nwpu.edu.cn;徐飞,博士,西北工业大学材料学院副教授.致力于有机纳米孔聚合物的精密合成与功能化定制,纳米孔炭材料的创新纳米结构的构筑与应用,纳米能源材料与器件（包括超级电容器、锂离子电池、锂硫电池等）和吸附分离等领域的应用基础研K,并已取得了一些阶段性成果.前,在NatCommun,Angezv Chem Int Ed,JACS,Adv Maer,Chem Rev等SCI期刊已发表论文34篇.其中,作为第一作者或通信作者在NatCommun,AngewChemItEd,MaerTOday等国内外知名期刊上发表学术论文14篇,SCI总引用1880余次,ESI高被引论文共5篇,申请发明专利3件.入选陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划资助,作为项目负责人主持国家自然科学基金青年项目和陕西省自然科学基金青年项目各1项.;王洪强,E-mail：hongqiang.wang@nwpu.edu.cn
