摘要
针对食用菌生产中的常用基质———稻草、桑枝条、茭白叶、玉米芯和山核桃蒲等5种农业废弃物,模拟农民2种典型处置方式(燃烧、丢弃水体),研究其对环境质量的影响。结果表明,在相同水平的农作物秸秆投放量下,明火和闷烧下均产生大量的SO_2、细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))和NOx等排放物,闷烧产生的排放物明显高于明火燃烧,PM_(2.5)和SO_2排放以茭白叶最高,分别为2 773.37、3.96 mg·m^(-3),NO_x排放以桑枝条最高,达61.5mg·m^(-3)。农作物废弃物丢弃水体(浸泡)使水体的p H值下降(除山核桃蒲外),其悬浮物、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数和色度值都升高,在30~50 d时各指标达到峰值。茭白叶水体腐化过程的TN排放量达270.85μg·L^(-1),较其他样品高出5倍以上。农作物废弃物浸泡后,水体中大肠埃希菌在60 d周期内基本呈现"滋生—增长—凋亡"的变化过程,细菌菌落则在10 d时最大,之后逐渐凋亡。农作物废弃物焚烧和水体腐化2种处置方式均会造成环境污染,建议加大对农业废弃物的资源化循环利用。
In the present study,five materials,commonly used in mushroom substrates,i.e.Zizania latifolia leaves,rice straw,corn cob,mulberry branch and peels of Carya cathayensis Sarg,were selected as study objects to test the effects of two typical disposal methods（burning straightly and waste disposal in water）on environment.It was shown that burning（both open flame and smoulder）could produce a large amount of SO2,fine particles（PM（2.5））and NOx.In addition,smoulder produced greater amount of emission than open flame.The burning of Zizania latifolia leaves produced the largest amount of PM（2.5）and SO2,which were 2 773.37,3.96 mg·m^（-3）,respectively,while the burning of mulberry branches generated maximum amount of NOx,which was 61.5 mg·m^（-3）.Waste disposal（except peels of Carya cathayensis Sarg）decreased the p H of water body,yet increased the contents of suspended solids（SS）,total nitrogen（TN）,total phosphorus（TP）,ammonia nitrogen,permanganate index and chromatic value in water.These indexes reached the maximum value in 30-50 d.Disposal of Zizania latifolia leaves in water led to 270.85μg·L^（-1）TN,which was 5 times greater than the others.The life cycle‘multiplication-proliferationdeath＇of Escherichia coli was observed in contaminated water during 60 d and the amount of E.coli colonies reached to the highest level at 10 d,then died gradually.Both burning and disposal in water would lead to serious environment issues.Thus,it was suggested to improve the resources cyclic utilization of substrate residues.
作者
袁卫东
陆娜
宋吉玲
陈青
闫静
王伟科
亢学平
王世恒
YUAN Weidong;LU Na;SONG Jiling;CHEN Qing;YAN Jing;WANG Weike;KANG Xueping;WANG Shiheng(Hangzhou Academy of Agricuhural Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,China;Zhejiang Agricultural Technical Ex-tension Center,Hangzhou 310020,China;Yanbian Academy of Agricuhural Sciences,Yanbian 133400,China)
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期1022-1028,共7页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-24)
关键词
农业废弃物
环境污染
环境管理
agricultural residue
environment pollution
environment management
作者简介
袁卫东（1969-），男，浙江杭州人，硕士，高级农艺师，从事食用菌新品种选育和栽培技术研究与推广。E-mail：pvd0507@126．com;通信作者，陆哪，E-mail：13738068366@163．com
