摘要
春秋时期,随着民众、土地、军队成为各个诸侯国生存乃至变革图强的重要条件,司徒掌管民众并兼管军队、土地、赋税,地位较之西周更加重要。战国时期,在国家官僚制度转型的背景下,司徒的职掌逐渐弱化,地位渐趋下降。春秋诸国司徒中以鲁国大司徒最为典型。鲁国大司徒担任冢卿,决策国家大事,掌控内政,主导邦交、军务,在某种意义上是战国时期将和相的滥觞。春秋战国之际,鲁国大司徒季氏衰微并逐渐淡出政治舞台,此后鲁国社会最终实现转型。鲁国大司徒职掌变化和地位沉浮集中反映了鲁国乃至春秋战国社会巨大、深刻的变动。
During the Spring and Autumn Period,as people,land,and army became the important conditions for every vassal state to survive and even rejuvenate,the status of Situ who was in charge of the people,army,land and taxation became more important than that in the Western Zhou Dynasty.With the transformation of the state bureaucracy in the Warring States Period,Situ＇s rights and status gradually weakened. The most typical of all the Situs in the Spring and Autumn Period was Da Situ of Lu State. He served as Zhongqing,making decisions on national affairs,controlling internal affairs,dominating diplomatic relations and military affairs. In a sense,he was the prototype of generals and premiers in the Warring States period. Da Situ Ji of Lu State became decadent and gradually faded out of the political arena in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods. Later,the society of Lu State finally realized its transformation. The change of the status and power of Da Situ intensively reflects the huge and profound social change of Lu State and even the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods.
作者
张磊
Zhang Lei(Institute of Qilu Culture,Shandong Normal University,Jinan Shandong,250014)
出处
《山东师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期114-135,共22页
Journal of Shandong Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地山东师范大学齐鲁文化研究院"十三五"规划"齐鲁文化与中华文明转化创新"重大项目
山东省社科规划基金项目"出土文献与<大戴礼记>研究"(14CZXJ16)的阶段性成果
关键词
司徒
春秋战国
社会变动
鲁国大司徒
鲁国冢卿
Situ
Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods
social change
Da Situ of Lu State
Zhongqing of Lu State
作者简介
张磊（1979-），男，山东梁山人，山东师范大学齐鲁文化研究院副教授，博士。
