摘要
目的对苯暴露的非致癌效应与致癌效应进行职业健康风险的定量评价,为我国职业病危害因素的控制以及职业性肿瘤等严重职业病的预防和管理提供科学依据。方法以某大型化工企业苯乙烯装置为研究对象,采用美国环境保护署(EPA)推荐的健康风险评价四步法,即危害辨识、暴露评价、剂量-反应评价和风险表征,对苯乙烯装置作业工人的苯职业暴露进行健康风险评价。分别以吸入单位风险、参考浓度表示化学毒物的致癌效应、非致癌效应的剂量-反应关系,以危害指数HI(hazard index)、致癌超额风险值(Risktumor)分别对非致癌风险、致癌风险进行表征;针对暴露与风险的不确定性,采用水晶球软件蒙特卡洛模拟方法分析概率分布规律。结果该装置工人84.65%情况下苯导致淋巴细胞计数减少的非致癌效应危害指数HI高于安全阈值1;69.37%的情况下苯导致白血病的超额风险超过了可接受风险水平1.0×10-4。提示风险不可接受,需要采取相应的风险应对措施,降低工人职业健康风险。结论利用职业健康风险评价四步法及蒙特卡洛模拟可以得到非致癌风险、致癌风险值的概率分布及其统计学分布特征,从而为风险管理者提供更准确的信息。
To quantitatively evaluate the occupational health risk of occupational benzene exposure in non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects, thereby provide scientific basis for the control of occupational hazard factors and the prevention and management of some serious occupational diseases such as occupational tumor in China. Methods A styrene producing unit of certain large chemical enterprise was selected as research object. The four-step method for health risk assessment recommended by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, namely hazard identification, exposure evaluation, dose-response assessment and risk characterization, were used to evaluate occupational health risk of benzene-exposure in styrene producing workers. The dose-response relationships of chemical toxicants for carcinogenic effect and non-carcinogenic effect were expressed by the inhalation unit risk and reference concentration, respectively; the hazard index （HI） and the excess risk of carcinogenesis （risktumor） were used to characterize non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, respectively. Additionally, owing to the uncertainty of exposure and risk, Monte Carlo simulation method （Crystal ball software） was used to analyze the probability distribution rule. Results The results showed that in 84.65% cases, the HI （lymphocyte decrease） of benzene exposure exceeded the safety threshold of 1, and in 69.37% cases, the risktumor （leukemia） of benzene exposure exceeded the acceptable risk level of 1.0×10^-4, suggesting that the risk was unacceptable, and corresponding measures must be taken for reducing the occupational health risk of workers. Conclusions The results suggested that the probability distribution and its statistical distribution feature of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk could be concluded by four-step methods of health risk assessment and Monte Carlo simulation software, then may provide more accurate information for risk managers.
作者
张倩
黄德寅
李敏嫣
刘茂
刘芳菲
ZHANG Qian;HUANG De-yi;LI Min-yan;LIU Mao;LIU Fang-fei(Institute of Occupational Health, Tianjin Bohai Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd. Tianjin 300051, China)
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
CAS
2018年第3期177-180,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
基金
天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(13ZCZDSY02300)
关键词
吸入单位风险
苯
职业健康风险评价
危害指数
可接受风险
inhalation unit risk
benzene
occupational health risk assessment
hazard index
acceptable risk
作者简介
张倩（1986-），女，研究生，安全工程师，研究方向：风险分析。;通信作者：黄德寅，主任医师，研究方向：职业卫生与风险分析。E-mail：huang_deyin@126．com。
