摘要
煤与瓦斯突出模拟实验可以揭示突出灾害的发生规律。研发一种中等尺度煤与瓦斯突出模拟装置,旨在一定程度上满足与采场工作面的开采环境的近似,同时便于地质模型的灵活设计与铺设,实现在不同地质及不同瓦斯参数条件下的突出模拟。该实验系统由高压实验腔体、非均布加载系统、突出诱导装置、抽真空及充气系统、数据采集系统组成,具有如下特点:可基于相似原理按照采掘工作面顶、底板岩层分布、地质条件,灵活铺设尺寸为1 500 mm×600 mm×1 000 mm的模型;按照工作面超前应力分布形式进行表面应力加载;预埋直径5 mm侧向均匀开孔管路分级注气,实现煤体瓦斯快速吸附平衡;采用直径200 mm规格爆破片安装突出口作为突出诱导装置,压力超限自动破裂,诱导突出;多元化信息采集系统,记录压力、温度、应力等物理参数变化,高速摄影记录突出瞬间煤瓦斯混合流态。开展了一次吸附平衡压力为0.30 MPa、诱导压力0.53 MPa的突出实验,在实验中煤体瓦斯压力、温度由于气体的吸附–解吸特性发生了规律性波动变化,突出发生持续1.92 s,抛出煤岩样369.9kg,最远抛射距离41.4 m,并呈扇形分布。该装置为深入研究突出动力灾害机制与预防技术提供了可行的手段。
The similar simulation experiment of coal and gas outburst can reveal the developing mechanism of outburst hazard. The development of an outburst simulating apparatus in middle scale is shown in this paper. The apparatus should adapt to experiments with specific mining environment and operations of presetting experimental conditions is simple and flexible. The outbursts occurred in a certain geological circumstance,such as gas rich area or regional tectonics,can be simulated with the experimental system. The apparatus is composed of a test chamber,a distributed load system,an outburst-inducing device,a vacuum pumping and gas charging system,and a data acquisition system. A geological model with the dimensions of 1 500 mm×600 mm×1 000 mm,containing coal seam,roof and floor and tectonic structure,can be moulded flexibly. The distributed loading on the top face of model simulates the abutment stress in working face. The sieve tube with the diameter of 5 mm isembedded in the coal sample for gas charging. Charging with the graded pressure makes sure that the coal sample reaches the adsorption equilibrium rapidly. A rupture disc installed on the outburst port is used as the outburst-inducing device,and it is destroyed immediately if the gas pressure is over the threshold value. A transparent window on the test chamber shows the fracture process of coal and rock. Data acquisition system collects the most of physical parameters, such as the pressure, temperature and stress. The high-speed photographing captures the movement of outburst coal. An artificial outburst was conducted with absorption equilibrium pressure of 0.30 MPa and inducing pressure of 0.53 MPa. The gas pressure and temperature in the coal sample showed the fluctuating variations because of the adsorption-desorption process during experiment. The duration of the outburst was 1.92 s and 369.9 kg of specimens was expelled from the outburst port. The expelled materials appeared as the fan-shaped distributions and the propagation distance reached 41.4 m.
作者
聂百胜
马延崑
孟筠青
胡守涛
NIE Baisheng1, 2, 3, MA Yankun1, 2, 3, MENG Junqing1, 2, 3, HU Shoutao4(1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology（Beijing）, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of lntergrown Energy and Resources, China University of Mining and Technology（Beijing）, Beijing 100083, China; 3. School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology（Beijing）, Beijing 100083, China; 4. Beijing Academy of Safety Engineering and Technology, Beijing 102617, China)
出处
《岩石力学与工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期1218-1225,共8页
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0600708)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51374216)
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2009kz03).
关键词
采矿工程
煤矿安全
煤与瓦斯突出
实验装置研制
相似模拟
mining engineering
coal mine safety
coal and gas outburst
device development
similar simulation
作者简介
聂百胜（1973-），男，1995年毕业于太原理工大学采矿工程专业，现任教授、博士生导师，主要从事矿山安全工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail：bshnie@163．com
