摘要
公元800年的圣诞节,查理曼在罗马加冕称帝,在欧洲西部复兴了罗马帝国。如何选择帝号、如何获得合法性,是时隔三百余年之后复兴的西部帝国所必须要面临的重大挑战。查理曼如此,他的后代们也是如此。因为分割继承的传统,帝国的疆域变动不居,总体趋势则是越来越小。至9世纪中叶,皇帝路易二世实际上仅仅控制意大利中部和北部,此后在争夺帝位的过程中,控制罗马城的加洛林王室成员即可称帝。在这个过程中,对罗马教宗的控制与依赖,携手并进,使得加洛林帝国实际上演变为神圣罗马帝国,即依靠加洛林统治者在罗马被罗马教宗加冕,成为名副其实的正宗皇帝。从历史的长时段来看,复兴的西罗马帝国还属于自4世纪末开始的罗马帝国基督教化的漫长进程中一个独特的阶段。
On Christmas Day 800, Charlemagne was crowned by Pope Leo III as the Roman Emperor. In order to legitimize his newly acquired title, Charlemagne sought deliberately the recognition from the Emper- or at Constantinople, as well as blessing from the Bishop of Rome. Given the custom of dividing empire a- mong all lawful sons, the later Carolingian Emperors increasingly centered their power in Italy, which led them to conflict with the Eastern Emperors directly. As a result, the recognition of their imperial titles by the Emperors at Constantinople was more difficult to be achieved. From Emperor Louis II onwards, the Carolin- gians were instead more inclined to accept the legitimization of their Imperial rule through the coronation by Pope at Rome, and the Carolingian Empire developed gradually into the Holy Roman Empire. From the Long - Duree perspective, the above development may be considered as an important stage in the Christianization of rulership from the late 4th century, when Emperor Theodosius the Great ruled at Constantinople.
作者
李隆国
LI Long -guo(Department of History, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China)
出处
《史学集刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期24-39,共16页
Collected Papers of History Studies
关键词
查理曼称帝
加洛林帝国
合法性
神圣罗马帝国
罗马帝国路易二世
Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne
Carolingian Empire
Legitimization
Holy Roman Em-pire
Emperor LouisⅡ
作者简介
李隆国，北京大学历史学系副教授，研究方向为欧洲中古史和西方史学史。
