摘要
掌握畜禽粪便的时空分布,有利于高效防控其污染环境的可能。采用排污系数法,估算出2000~2015年间四川省畜禽粪便、COD及氮磷产生量,在此基础上,分析了2015年四川省畜禽粪便的排放时空分布特征与畜禽粪便、氮、磷污染情况。结果表明:(1)2000~2015年,四川省畜禽粪便平均产生量约2.10亿t猪粪当量,其中猪、牛、家禽是当地环境威胁的主要畜禽种类;(2)2015年四川省产沼气潜力可观,但大部分地区受到畜禽粪便污染,其中德阳市、雅安市两地预警级别达Ⅵ级,对环境影响严重;(3)2015年四川省氮、磷耕地负荷的平均值分别为78.45 kg/hm^2和13.57 kg/hm^2,均低于欧盟的限量标准(氮170 kg/hm^2、磷35 kg/hm^2),但大部分地区面临氮、磷污染风险。其中成都市、德阳市、雅安市氮、磷污染风险均较高,自贡市、泸州市等氮、磷污染风险整体不高,但畜禽养殖量近50%环境容量,这些地区应做好畜禽养殖总量控制及污染物消减措施。
Mastering the temporal and spatial distributions of livestock manure is beneficial to the prevention and control of its pollution. Based on the method of excretion coefficient,the total amount of livestock manure,the discharges of COD,nitrogen and phosphorus during the years 2000-2015 were estimated to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of livestock,and to evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Sichuan Province. Results show that：（ 1） From 2000 to 2015,the average production of livestock manure in Sichuan was about 0.21 billion tons of pig excretion equivalent,which was mainly produced by cows,pigs,and poultry;（ 2）In 2015,the potential of biogas production from livestock and poultry manure was considerable,but most areas were polluted by livestock manure,among which Deyang and Ya ＇ an reached the risk level of VI,seriously affected the environment;（ 3） The average nitrogen and phosphorus loads per unit area of arable land in Sichuan province were 78. 45 kg/hm^2（ TN） and 13. 57 kg/hm^2（ TP）,which were lower than the EU＇s standard of limitation on nitrogen（ 170 kg/hm^2） and phosphorus（ 35 kg/hm^2）. However,most areas of Sichuan faced the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in 2015. Areas with higher risks from the release of nitrogen and phosphorus were mainly in economically developed regions such as Chengdu,Deyang and Yaan. In some areas such as Zigong and Luzhou,nitrogen and phosphorus pollutions were not serious. However,the breeding of livestock reached for nearly 50% of environmental capacity. Therefore,the total amount of livestock breeding in these areas should be controlled and some effective measures for reducing pollutants should be taken.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期433-442,共10页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
基金
国家自然科学基金"中国生猪产业平稳供给机制研究"(71203150)
四川省社会科学研究"十三五"规划课题"环境干预政策下四川省畜牧业经济转型的对策研究"(SCI6B054)
关键词
畜禽养殖
粪便污染
时空分布
污染防控
四川
Livestock and poultry breeding
fecal pollution
temporal and spatial distribution
pollution preven-tion and control
Sichuan
作者简介
张晓华（1991-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为农业技术经济．E—mail：xiaohua520911@163．com;通讯作者E-mail：icehot225@126．com
