摘要
[目的]了解春油菜地膜覆盖种植方式对土壤水效应、生长和产量的影响。[方法]以甘蓝型春油菜青杂5号为试材,采用田间随机区组试验方法,研究了白膜平铺穴播(BPX)、黑膜平铺穴播(HPX)、白膜微垄沟播(BWG)、黑膜微垄沟播(HWG)、黑膜膜侧沟播(HCG)和裸地条播(CK)6种不同种植方式对土壤水效应和油菜生长特性的影响。[结果](1)地膜覆盖后,油菜各生育期土壤含水量均较裸地条播(CK)有增加,尤其现蕾期和初花期的增幅较大,较CK分别增加2.51%和3.37%。地膜覆盖能提高不同土层的土壤含水量,黑膜覆盖在全生育期的保墒效果优于白膜覆盖。(2)地膜覆盖种植使春油菜出苗期和生殖期提前,成熟期推迟,全生育期延长6~8d;种植方式对油菜的经济性状和产量产生较大的影响,与裸地条播(CK)相比,白膜平铺穴播(BPX)的油菜分枝部位提高,有效分枝数、全株有效角果数、角果长度、千粒重和单株产量增加,公顷产量增加21.27%;黑膜平铺穴播(HPX)后油菜的产量较CK明显增加16.25%,但黑膜微垄沟播(HWG)、黑膜膜侧沟播(HCG)和白膜微垄沟播(BWG)的油菜产量较CK下降,分别减产15.53%、3.82%和2.87%。(3)相关性分析表明,地膜覆盖的春油菜通过增加全株有效角果数和降低角果粒数来提高产量。聚类分析表明以欧氏距离31.10来划分地膜覆盖种植方式的春油菜可采用白膜平铺穴播(BPX)和黑膜平铺穴播(HPX)。[结论]甘肃河西走廊中部冷凉区春油菜栽培可采用白膜平铺穴播(BPX),增产20%以上。
[Objective]The objective of present study was to understand the effects of different plastic-film mulching technologies and planting patterns on both soil moisture,and growth of spring rapeseed.[Methods]The field trials were set up by selecting six different planting and mulching combinations,which were hole sowing with the flat white plastic-film mulching(BPX),hole sowing with the flat black plastic-film mulching(HPX),furrow sowing with ridge planting white plastic-film mulching(BWG),sowing with ridge planting black plastic-film mulching(HWG),furrow sowing with black plastic-filmcovered ridges(HCG),and open ground drilling which served as control.Plots were designed using randomized block test method.Qingza 5,Brassica Napus,was chosen as plant material.The impact of different treating combinations on the soil moisture and the growth of plants were measured at different plant growth stages..[Results]Studies showed that the soil moisture at different growth stages of rapeseed plants in all five treated fields were increased compared to control group with the greatest soil moisture increase detected at both squaring stage and beginning-flower stage of rapeseed at 2.51% and 3.37%,respectively.Soil moisture was increased in all different soil depth of all treated fields,while higher soil moisturewas detected in the black film mulching fields compared to ones using white film..Both seedling stage and reproductive stage of spring rapeseeds were brought forward by using plastic film mulching planting pattern,and the mature period was extended too.The total plant developmental period was increased by 6 to 8 days with plastic film mulching planting pattern compared to CK,and produced a positive impact of film mulching patterns on the yield and economic characters of rapeseeds.For example,some major parameters of plants development,such as branches height,the number of effective branches,whole plant pod number,pod length,thousand seed weight and seed yield per plant of spring rapeseed treated with BPX were increased,and hectare yield of rapeseed was increased by 21.27%.When plants were treated with HPX,seed yield was increased significantly by 16.25%,while it was decreased by 15.53%,3.82% and 2.87% when plants were treated with HWG,HCG,and BWG,respectively.The correlation analysis showed that plastic film mulching planting pattern produced greater seed yield of spring rapes by increasing the number of total effective pods and reducing the percentage of total grain number of plants.Clustering analysis showed that BPX and HPX can be applied to spring rapeseeds located within the field determined by Euclidean distance 31.10..[Conclusion]Spring rapeseed planted in Hexi corridor,Gansu province,can be treated with BPX to produce the yield increase above 20%.
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第2期1-8,共8页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
甘肃省农业厅资助项目"春油菜区域增产模式攻关新技术推广"(GNKJ-2013-7)
甘肃省第十三批"西部之光"访问学者计划资助(201609)
陇原青年创新人才扶持计划"高海拔区甘蓝型高产双低春油菜新品种引进及配套栽培技术研究与示范"(201411)
关键词
春油菜
地膜覆盖
种植方式
水效应
生长
相关性
聚类分析
Spring rapeseed
Plastic-film mulching
Planting pattern
Soil water
Growth
Association analysis
Cluster analysis
作者简介
曾秀存（1978-）,女,甘肃民勤人,副教授,博士,研究方向：油菜遗传与分子标记辅助育种;陈其鲜,硕士,高级农艺师,E-mail：cqxwin@126.com
