摘要
干旱、高盐及低温等非生物胁迫是限制植物生长发育的主要环境因子。这些环境胁迫因子通常导致植物体内生理代谢改变,并参与非生物胁迫调控转录因子的差异表达。植物抵御上述非生物逆境的能力与转录因子调控逆境相关功能基因的表达密不可分。近年来,发掘植物非生物胁迫相关转录因子的功能及揭示转录因子介导植物非生物胁迫响应的调控机制,已成为植物营养分子生物学关注的热点之一。因此,了解植物非生物胁迫下的生理应答及转录因子参与的调控机制,对建立植物适应性改良途径具有重要科学意义。本文从干旱、高盐和低温三方面阐述了非生物胁迫下植物生理生化的适应性变化,概述了MYB、b ZIP、AP2/EREBP、WRKY和NAC五类与植物抗逆相关的转录因子的结构与功能特征,着重论述了转录因子介导植物抵御非生物胁迫的分子调控机制。植物遭遇非生物胁迫时,通常表现为生长速率、叶面积和叶片数量下降,蒸腾及光合速率降低。同时,植物体内活性氧逐渐累积,使细胞膜脂过氧化程度加剧,造成细胞损伤。为适应不利环境,在生理上植物表现为体内抗氧化酶活性增强,渗透调节物数量增多;在分子水平上,植物对非生物胁迫适应性的增强,通常与转录因子识别抗逆基因启动子特异性元件及调控逆境防御基因的转录有关。本文对于深入阐明干旱、高盐及低温胁迫下植物生理生化应答与转录因子的分子调控机制提供了全新的科学启示。
Drought,high-salinity and low-temperature,three major environmental stresses,are important adverse factors limiting plant growth and development.These environment stressful factors usually trigger the physiological changes and the differential expressions of the transcription factors,which are involved in the biological regulations in the plants under abiotic stresses.While the functional gene expression are closely associated with these transcription factors,and are essential for an enhanced tolerance ability of plants to the environmental stresses.In recent years,most studies were mainly focused on discovering functional genes and the regulatory mechanisms of the transcription factors in plants in response to the environmental stresses.Therefore,uncovering on the physiological responses and the regulatory mechanisms of the transcription factors in plants under these environmental stresses has an important scientific significance in establishing molecular acclimation pathways of plants.This paper systemically characterized the physiological-biochemical changes in plants under environmental stresses including drought,high salinity,and low temperature,and profiled the structural and functional characteristics of MYB,b ZIP,AP2/EREBP,WRKY and NAC,which commonly were related to plant stress resistance.Meanwhile,we separately characterized the responsive models and molecular regulatory mechanism of these transcription factors in response to these three environmental stresses.Under these environmental stresses,the growth rate,leaf area,leaf number,transpiration rate,and photosynthesis of plants were usually reduced,and the accumulation of reactive oxygen in plants led to the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation,thus resulting in severe damages of the plant cells.When the plants were exposed to these adverse environmental stresses,the antioxidant enzymatic activity and the contents of osmolytes in plants were naturally increased to establish adaptive acclimation mechanisms,which were usually exhibited at the physiological and molecular levels.The enhancement magnitude of the plant adaptability to the abiotic stresses are mainly regulated through the pathways of the interactions between the transcription factors and the specific recognition elements in the promoters of the stress-resistant genes or in the target proteins.This review provides a complete insight into the physiological-biochemical responses and molecular regulatory mechanisms of the transcription factors in plants under drought,high salinity,and low temperature stresses.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期1565-1574,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发项目(2016YFC0501203)
973项目(2015CB150800)资助
关键词
干旱胁迫
盐胁迫
低温胁迫
生理应答
转录因子
drought stress
salt stress
low temperature stress
physiological response
transcription factors
作者简介
王冰（1991-），女，北京人，博士研究生，主要从事植物逆境生理与分子应答研究。E—mail：wangbingyajd@126．com;通信作者程宪国（1962-），辽宁大连人，博士，研究员，主要从事植物逆境生理与分子应答研究。E-mail：chengxianguo@caas．cn
