摘要
目的分析2011-2015年福建省国家级监测点漳州市芗城区农村人群土源性线虫感染情况。方法于2011-2015年将漳州市芗城区按东、西、南、北、中5个片区划分,随机选择大寨村、秋坑村、山美村、甘棠村和浦林村等5个村为监测点,应用改良加藤厚涂片法检查土源性线虫感染情况,透明胶纸肛拭法检查3~12周岁儿童蛲虫(Enterobius vermicularis)感染情况。随机数字表法收集75户家庭的蔬菜园、果园及其他种植地的土壤标本进行钩蚴培养分离,并鉴定虫种。结果共检查芗城区5个村5 352人,检出土源性线虫感染者572例,总感染率为10.7%。2011-2015年感染率分别为14.3%(146/1 022)、14.7%(155/1 052)、4.0%(42/1 053)、7.3%(78/1 067)和13.0%(151/1 158)。人群土源性线虫感染以钩虫(Ancylostoma sp.)为主,感染率为5.9%(318/5 352),其中2011年的感染率最高,为10.8%(110/1 022)。2012-2015年钩虫感染率分别为6.2%(65/1 052)、1.4%(15/1 053)、3.2%(34/1 067)、8.1%(94/1 158),均为轻度感染。蛔虫(Ascaris lumbricoides)感染仅2012年查出2例,均为轻度感染。鞭虫(Trichuris trichiura)感染分别于2012、2014、2015年查出1、1、2例,均为轻度感染。儿童蛲虫感染共检查668人,感染率为37.1%(248/668),其中2014年的感染率最低,为27.7%(43/155),2012年最高,为56.5%(87/154)。男性土源性线虫感染率为11.6%(300/2 595),高于女性的9.9%(272/2 757)(P<0.05)。除<15岁年龄组外(该组以蛲虫感染为主),其余各年龄组的土源性线虫感染率随着年龄增长逐渐升高,15~24岁年龄组最低,为1.9%(5/266),>65岁年龄组最高,为11.0%(98/889)(P<0.05)。不同职业分布中,农民、学生和学前儿童的感染率分别为7.1%(321/4 521)、21.8%(122/559)和47.4%(129/272)。不同文化水平中,以文盲或半文盲、小学为主,感染率分别为23.9%(245/1 025)和11.9%(238/1 995);感染率随受教育程度升高而降低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=308.16,P<0.05)。检测土壤标本75份,钩蚴阳性19份,2011年大寨村土壤中钩蚴分离份数最多,为10份;钩蚴经鉴定均为美洲钩虫(Necator americanus)。结论 2011-2015年芗城区农村人群土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势,但儿童蛲虫感染仍维持较高的水平。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections in populations living in rural areas of Xiangcheng District in Zhangzhou City of Fujian Province, the national surveillance site, during 2011-2015. Methods Five surveillance sites were set in Xiangcheng District during 2011-2015： Dazhai village, Qiukeng Village, Shanmei Village, Gantang Village, and Pulin Village in Eastern, Western, Southern, Northern and Central regions of Xiangcheng District, respectively. The modified Kato-Katoz＇s thick smear method was used to de- tect the eggs of soil transmitted nematodes and the cellophane tape method was used to detect the eggs of Entero- bius vermicularis in children aged 3-12 years. Seventy families were randomly selected to obtain soil samples in vegetable garden, orchard and other plantations, from which Ancylostoma sp. larvae were isolated and incubated to i- dentify their species. Results A total of 5 352 persons were examined, of whom 572 （10.7%） were positive for nematode infections. The infection rates during 2011-2015 were 14.3% （146/1 022）, 14.7% （155/1 052）, 4.0% （42/1 053）, 7.3% （78/1 067） and 13.0% （151/1 158）, respectively. The nematode infection detected was predominated by Ancy- lostoma sp. infection（5.9%, 318/5 352）, which was highest in 2011 （10.8%, 110/1 022） in the years （6.2%, 65/1 052; 1.4%, 15/1 053; 3.2%, 34/1 067; and 8.1%, 94/1 158 from 2012-2015, respectively）, and all the infected persons showed light infection. Ascaris lurnbricoides infection was only detected in 2 persons in 2012, and both had light infection. Trichuris trichiura infection was detected in 1, 1, and 2 persons in 2012, 2014 and 2015, respectively, all showing light infection. E. vermicularis infection was examined in 668 children, and 248 showed positive infection （37.1%）, and the infection rate was lowest in 2014 （27.7%, 43/155） and highest in 2012 （56.5%, 87/154）. The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infection in males （11.6%, 300/2 595） was higher than in females （9.87%, 272/2 757） （P 〈 0.05）. The prevalence showed a trend of increase with aging except for the 〈 15 age group, lowest in 15-24 years （1.9%, 5/266） and highest in 〉 65 years （11.0%, 98/889） （P 〈 0.05）. Most of those with infections were illiterate or semi-illiterate （23.9%, 245/1 025）, or had a primary school educational level （11.9%, 238/1 995）. The infection rate decreased with higher educational level （X^2= 308.16, P 〈 0.05）. Ancylostoma sp. larvae were found in 19 of 75 soil samples, and all were identified to be Necator americanus. The number of positive soil samples was highest in Dazhai village （10 samples）. Conclusion There was a trend of decrease for the soil-transmitted ne- matode infections during 2011-2015, but the pinworm infection in children remained high.
出处
《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期456-459,465,共5页
Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases
关键词
线虫感染
土源性线虫
监测
报告
Nematode infection
Soil-transmitted nematode
Surveillance
Report
作者简介
E-mail：bob-cbj@163．com
