摘要
冬小麦推广是20世纪70年代西藏现代化的主要成就,小麦从少有种植一跃成为西藏第二大作物。令人困惑的是,藏族农民最初曾强烈抵制小麦,两三年后却又成了国家政策的积极实践者。在此过程中,国家如何消解农民的抵制,怎样改造他们的观念?基于档案和口述史材料,本文认为政治运动发挥了关键作用:第一,广泛开展的阶级斗争打击了对新技术的抵制,分化了基层社会,农民间的相互监督使"弱者的武器"成为不可能;第二,政治运动具有思想改造和情感动员功能,它将小麦塑造成解放的象征,激发了农民的政治认同和实践热情。但是,政治运动对生产也有一定负作用,冬小麦推广在20世纪70年代后期走上了"盲信政治、无视现实"的歧途即与此有关。
The promotion of winter wheat was the main achievement of the Tibetan moderation in the 1970＇ s. Wheat, which was barely planted, had become the second largest crop in Tibet. Puzzlingly, Tibetan peasants, who had initially strongly resisted winter wheat, had become active practitioners in just two or three years. In this process, how did the state deal with the resistance of Tibetan peasants and change their ideas？ Based on documents and oral history material, this paper argues that, it was political movement that played a key role. Firstly, the class struggle was a crackdown to the resistance to new technology, and also promoted the differentiation of the rural community, mutual supervision among peasants made the ＂weapons of the weak＂ become impossible. Secondly, the political movement also functioned as the emotional mobilization. Winter wheat was portrayed as a symbol of emancipated serfs, thus inspired a high degree of political identity and passion among peasants. Based on empirical study, the theoretical contribution of this paper was, bring Tibetan peasants as active actor into the analytical framework of governance. Studying the interaction of the state and Tibetan peasants contributes to our understanding of New China＇s Tibetan governance. This analytical framework also emphasized~ Firstly, Tibetan culture was not an ontological special culture. We must use the principle of universality to understanding the different minority culture. Secondly, the state was not a stranger outsider in Tibet. It got familiar with Tibetan culture and society, knew about the ideas and interests of Tibetan peasants. Additionally, political movement also had negatively impact on Tibetan agricultural. It caused serious Tibetan food crisis in the late 1970s.
出处
《社会》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期78-104,共27页
Chinese Journal of Sociology
基金
国家社科基金青年项目"西藏农业发展与社会稳定研究"(编号15CZZ042)的资助~~
关键词
冬小麦推广
藏族农民
政治运动
阶级斗争
promotion of winter wheat, Tibetan peasants, political movement,class struggle
作者简介
强舸中共中央党校党建部E—mail：qiangge85@126．com
