摘要
说出的话是音串,写下的字是墨迹,这些物质的东西怎么会产生精神上的意义?语言使用者怎么借助这些物质的东西传达自己的用意?这是困扰西方心智哲学和语言哲学近百年的两个棘手问题,相关文献浩如烟海。本文聚焦牛津日常语言哲学家的研究,围绕意向性、意识、意图、目的与言语行为五个概念,阐述他们对两个问题的论述。在叙述上以Searle的研究为主线,参照和对比Austin和Grice的相关研究。Searle早期继承和发展了Austin的言语行为理论,同时在修订的基础上吸收了Grice的意义理论。Searle中期主攻意向性,并且把意向性作为言语行为的心智哲学基础,Searle中期把意图和意义跟交际分开,走上了跟Grice意义理论不同的道路。Searle晚期致力于把语言作为人类特有生物遗传的延续或延伸来研究。
What is it for one to mean something by uttering some sounds or by writing some marks？ What is it for something （ e.g., acoustic sounds, or written letters） to have a meaning at all？ These two fundamental questions, central to the philosophy of mind and language, are adopted as the research threads through which positions of Austin, Grice and Searle are critically reviewed for Chinese students of linguistics. Searle＇s works, covering all the five concepts of the title, serve as landmarks for comparison when required. Searle＇s long academic career, in the light of the two questions, can be divided into three phases： 1） the speech act phase, i.e., the early Searle focusing on the philosophy of language; 2） the Intentionality phase, i.e., the mid Searle attacking the problem in the philosophy of mind; 3） the latest Searle looking at language as an extension of the prelinguistic capacities that humans share with high-level animals. Searle＇s inheritance from Austin is well known. Grice＇s theory of meaning is revised and adopted in the early Searle, and the mid Searle has departed from Grice by separating intention-meaning from communication. Searle＇s conceptualization of Intentionality serves as the dynamic unifying force underlying Searle＇s all three phases of his career.
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期317-347,共31页
Contemporary Linguistics
基金
中国社会科学院登峰战略计划之特殊学科"心理语言学--语言的获得与发展"成果之一
关键词
意向性
意识
意图言语行为生物自然主义
Intentionality, consciousness, intention, Searlean philosophy of mind
