摘要
利用NCEP 1°×1°资料,卫星雷达资料,对相似路径台风"山神"和"海燕"降水进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)地面观测资料表明"山神"的降水强度大于"海燕";TRMM卫星3B42降水率资料揭示台风发展过程中,"山神"降水偏向于台风北侧,"海燕"较均匀分布在台风南北两侧;(2)通过分析台风南北两侧的水汽通量和垂直风速发现,"山神"水汽和垂直速度配合较好,能很好解释其降水分布;"海燕"水汽与垂直速度均呈现出明显的非对称性,可能原因是"海燕"水汽含量小,垂直速度超过一定强度后对降水产生的作用一样,导致其降水分布较均匀;(3)台风"山神""海燕"动能输入区与水汽大值区,及潜热能显热能输入区与上升运动对应较好。动能输入区水汽通量偏强。能量输入的区域,随着能量累积,大气稳定度变弱,易导致不稳定能量的释放,使得该区域降水偏多;(4)从台风"山神""海燕"基本反射率因子场可见,"山神"有台前飑线;两台风靠近海南岛期间,强回波长时间维持在海南岛的中部和南部;当台风移出海南岛时,"山神"后部的强回波带造成的"列车效应"位于东方市;而"海燕"的分布在五指山东侧。雷达径向速度场显示两台风靠近海南岛时,中部和南部局地地形造成"逆风区",使得该区域气流辐合抬升。最后,"山神"受海南岛地形抬升作用比"海燕"明显。
Using NCEP 1~~1~ analysis data, satellite and radar data, the characteristics of precipitation of typhoon ＇ SONTINH＇ and ＇ HAIYAN＇ with similar track were analyzed and compared. The results displayed as follows： （ 1 ） The ground-based observations showed that the precipitation intensity of typhoon ＇ SONTINH＇ was stronger than that of typhoon ＇ HAIYAN＇. The TRMM satellite data revealed that in the course of typhoon development of ＇SONTINH＇, the heavy rainfall was biased to the north side of the typhoon, but the rainfall in tile ＇ HAIYAN＇ was evenly distributed on the north and south sides of the typhoon. （2） By analyzing the water vapor fluxes and vertical winds on the north and south sides of the typhoon, it was found that the water vapor and the vertical velocity of typhoon ＇ SONTINH＇ were well matched, which can explain the precipitation distribution well. The water vapor and the vertical velocity of the typhoon ＇HAIYAN＇ showed obvious asymmetry, which was different with the precipitation distribution. The reason was that the water content of ＇HAIYAN＇ is small, vertical velocity exceeded a certain value on the precipitation may have the same effect, resulting in a more uniform distribution of precipitation. （3） The input zone of kinetic energy and the large value area of water vapor, the input zone of sensible heat, latent heat and the vertical speed of the typhoon ＇SONTINH＇ ＇HAIYAN＇ corresponded well. The water vapor flux in the kinetic energy input zone was stronger. As the energy accumulated, the atmospheric stability became weaker, which leaded to the release of unstable energy. Correspondingly, the precipitation in the region was more than normal. （4） From the basic reflectivity factor field of the two typhoons, ＇SONTINH＇ had the pre-TC squall line. When the two typhoons were nearby the Hainan Island, strong echoes were maintained in the middle and south parts of Hainan Island for a long time. While once the typhoons were away from the Island, the ＇train effect＇ caused by the strong echo zone in the rear of ＇SONT1NH＇ was located in Dongfang city, and the distribution of ＇HAIYAN＇ was on the east of Wuzhishan. Radar radial velocity field showed that two typhoons near the Hainan Island, the central and southern local terrain caused by ＇upwind area＇. Finally, the Hainan Island topographic effect to ＇ SONTINH＇ was stronger than the ＇ HAIYAN＇ .
出处
《海洋预报》
2017年第3期41-55,共15页
Marine Forecasts
基金
科技部国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAK05B03)
关键词
海南岛
相似路径
台前飑线
水汽通量
the Hainan Island
the similar track
the pre-TC squall line
water vapor fluxes
作者简介
周海波（1990-），男，硕士在读，主要从事台风降水研究。E-mail：1415717502@qq．com
