摘要
考虑南方季节性河流年内径流分布严重不均的问题,依据1951—2015年长江荆南三口5站实测原型年径流量序列,采用Mann-Kendall等方法检测其径流序列的突变年份,通过GEV概率密度最大流量、汛期最小输沙量等方法分别计算了荆南三口河道内生态需水量、输沙需水量和水质净化需水量。结果表明:(1)水文序列的突变年份判别为1970年,由此将水文序列划分为变异前(1951—1970年)和变异后(1971—2015年)两段。(2)水文变异前,河道内年生态需水量、输沙需水量和水质净化需水量分别为1239.27×10~8m^3、910.01×10~8m^3、425.70×10~8m^3;水文变异后,河道内年生态需水量、输沙需水量和水质净化需水量分别为563.32×10~8m^3、501.13×10~8m^3、111.54×10~8m^3。(3)在季节上,为保障季节性河流河道内全年均满足生态流量,1、2、3、4、11、12月份应满足的生态需水量为1647.28m^3/s,5—10月份应满足的生态需水量分别为873.87m^3/s、2499.59m^3/s、5812.76m^3/s、4346.89m^3/s、3901.18m^3/s、1721.70m^3/s。(4)从综合角度考虑,水文变异下长江荆南三口季节性河流河道内年生态需水量为752.71×10~8m^3,年输沙需水量为910.01×10~8m^3,年水质净化需水量为425.70×10~8m^3。
Considering the yearly uneven runoff distribution in the southern seasonal streams,this article adopted Mann-Kendall method to identify the years when runoff sequence suddenly changes based on the annual runoff time series of prototype tests coming from the three divisions and five stations of Changjiang Jingjiang River from1951 to 2015. Through GEV's maximum flow of probability density,the minimum sediment runoff of flood season and other methods,ecological water demand,sediment water demand,and water purification water demand within the rivers of Jingjiang three diversions were separately calculated. The result showed that the sudden change of hydrologic sequence was in 1970. Therefore,hydrologic sequence could be divided into ex ante variation from 1951 to 1970 and ex post variation from 1971 to 2015. Before the hydrologic variation,annual ecological water demand,sediment water demand and water purification water demand were respectively 1 239. 27 × 10~8 m^3,910. 01 × 10~8m^3,and 425. 70 × 10~8 m^3. After the hydrologic variation,annual ecological water demand,sediment water demand,and water purification water demand are respectively 563. 32 × 10~8 m^3,501. 13 × 10~8 m^3,and 111. 54 ×10~8 m^3. In seasons,in order to make ecological water demand within seasonal streams meet the whole year's ecological flow,with the ecological flow of 1 647. 28 m^3/s in January,February,March,April,November,and December must be ensured. From May to October the ecologic flows were separately 873. 87 m^3/s,2 499. 59 m^3/s,5812. 76 m^3/s,4346. 89 m^3/s,3901. 18 m^3/s,and 1721. 70 m^3/s. From the general perspectives,ecological water demand within the main rivers of seasonal streams at the three diversion entrances in Changjiang Jingjiang River under hydrologic variation was 752. 71 × 10~8 m^3,the sediment water demand was 910. 01 × 10~8 m^3,and water purification water demand was 425. 70 × 10~8 m^3
出处
《环境科学导刊》
2017年第4期22-30,共9页
Environmental Science Survey
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41571100)
湖南省重点学科建设项目(2011001)
湖南省教育厅重点项目(16A129)
关键词
生态需水量
输沙需水量
水质净化需水量
季节性河流
荆南三口
ecological flow requirement
water requirements for transporting sediment
water requirement for self-purification of the stream
seasonal water-deficient river
three diversion entrances in Changjiang Jingjiang River
作者简介
何蒙（1992-）,女,湖南浏阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事生态需水研究.
通信作者：吕殿青（1975-）,女,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土壤生态与环境变化研究.
