摘要
目的了解南充市2012~2014年新生儿科住院患者的发病情况及构成现状,并探讨相应的防控措施和提高新生儿疾病的治愈率。方法选取2012~2014年南充市两所医院新生儿科收治的4090例患儿作为研究对象,根据年份将其分为A组(2012年收治)1305例、B组(2013年收治)1326例和C组(2014年收治)1459例。采用系统性回顾法分析纳入研究对象的临床资料,统计归纳所有患儿的疾病发生情况及排名前五疾病的并发症发生率,以及分析排名前五疾病的相关危险因素并可采取的相关措施。结果 (1)早产儿为新生儿疾病中最常见(18.48%),其次为新生儿肺炎、新生儿低出生体重、新生儿高胆红素血症及新生儿窒息,发生率分别为15.94%、11.88%、7.82%及6.99%,上述疾病依次为新生儿疾病中排名前五,且随着时间的推移,其发生率逐渐降低。(2)患儿之中男性2180例、女性1910例,男性约为女性1.14倍,男、女性疾病谱的前三位均为早产儿、新生儿肺炎、新生儿低出生体重,其余疾病分布稍有不同。(3)排名前五疾病在各季节发病分别为623例(15.23%)、631例(15.43%)、617例(15.09%)及629例(15.38%),无明显差异(P>0.05),且早产儿、新生儿肺炎及新生儿体出生体重均为每个季节高发疾病。(4)排名前五疾病患儿的并发症发生率随着时间推移不断降低。(5)通过Spearman等级相关分析可知,早产儿的出生会加大新生儿肺炎、新生儿低出生体重及新生儿窒息可能并呈正相关。(6)既往早产史或晚期流产史、母体携带病毒或细菌、母体原发肺内疾病、母体营养不良、多胎妊娠、胎龄过小、遗传因素等均为引发新生儿早产、新生儿肺炎、新生儿低出生体重、新生儿高胆红素血症及新生儿窒息等疾病的独立危险因素存在。结论本研究显示,早产儿、新生儿肺炎、新生儿低出生体重、新生儿高胆红素血症及新生儿窒息为疾病谱排名前五疾病,可积极采取预防措施,选择正确分娩方式,提高新生儿疾病综合治疗手段以降低新生儿住院率及提高新生儿疾病治愈率,改善人口质量。
Objective To investigate the incidence and structure of in-patients in Neonate Department in Nanchong City from 2012 to 2014 and give corresponding measure to improve population quality. Methods 4090 cases from 5 hospitals in Nanchong City from 2012 to 2014 were selected and divided into group A （in 2012, 1305 cases）, B （in 2013, 1326 cases） and C （in 2014, 1459 cases）. Clinic data were retrospectively analyzed and recorded. The complications and fatality rate and relative risk factors of the first five diseases were analyzed. Results Premature infants were the most common （18.48 %）. The next were neonatal pneumonia （15.94 %）, low birth weight newborn （11.88 % ）, hyperbilirubinemia of newborn （7.82 %） and neonatal asphyxia （6.99 %）. The occurrence rate of the first five diseases was declined with the increasing of time. The male were 2180 cases and female were 1910 cases. The first three diseases were premature infants, pneumonia of newborn and low birth weight newborn. The premature infants, hyperbilirubinemia of newborn, neonatal asphyxia were top diseases of each season. Complications and morbidity rate of the first five diseases were declined with the increasing of time. Premature infants might be positive related the incidence of pneumonia of newborn,low birth weight newborn and neonatal asphyxia may. History of preterm birth, late-term abortion history, parent virus, parent primary lung disease, maternal malnutrition, multiple gestation, small gestational age and genetic factor were all independent risk factors. Conclusion In this study, premature infant, neonatal pneumonia, low birth weight newborn, hyperbilirubinemia of newborn and neonatal asphyxia are the top five diseases. Prevention methods and accurate delivery way should be taken to improve treatment method and lower admission rate, cure rate and population quality.
出处
《西部医学》
2017年第5期670-674,678,共6页
Medical Journal of West China
基金
四川省卫生厅科研课题(110301)
关键词
新生儿
住院
疾病谱
回顾性分析
Newborn
In hospital
Disease spectrum
Retrospective analysis
