摘要
[目的]对秦岭北麓陆地生态系统水源涵养功能空间格局进行分析,为该地区的水资源空间规划与管理,均衡各流域的水资源分配及城市经济发展等提供科学参考。[方法]基于InVEST模型从流域尺度分析秦岭北麓2000年和2010年的水源涵养能力与空间格局异质性,并对水源涵养能力的影响因素进行分析。[结果](1)2000年秦岭北麓水源涵养总量为4.02×10~9 m^3,平均水源涵养能力为242.37mm;2010年水源涵养总量为4.45×10~9 m^3,平均水源涵养能力为265.33mm。(2)黑河、石头河、灞河和浐河流域为秦岭北麓主要的水源涵养区,其高值区出现在黑河流域南部、石头河流域南部、神沙河流域、灞河流域南部小流域。(3)气候因子与水源涵养能力密切相关,土地利用/覆被通过植被面积变化影响到区域水源涵养功能的发挥,从植被类型来看,水源涵养贡献率最高的是落叶阔叶林;从土壤属性来看,棕壤的水源涵养贡献率最高。[结论]区域的水源涵养能力受气候、土地利用方式、植被覆盖及土壤条件等的综合作用而产生差异。秦岭北麓的水源涵养能力总体表现为越靠近秦岭主脊水源涵养能力越强。
[Objective] Analysis on spatial pattern of water conservative functionality of land ecosystem in the northern slope of Qinling Mountains to provide scientific reference for water resources planning and management, and balancing water resources allocation and urban economic development. [Methods] This paper analyzed the water conservation ability and the spatial heterogeneous pattern of the northern slope of Qinling Mountain at watershed scale in 2000 and 2010. Based on INVEST model, the influence factors of water conservation capacity were analyzed. [Results] （1） In 2000, the amount of water conservation in the northern slope of Qinling Mountains was 4.02 × 10^9 m3 , superficial 242.37 mm in an average. In 2010, the amount of water conservation in the northern slope of Qinling Mountain was 4.45 × 10^9 m3 , superficial 265.33 mm in an average. （2） The main water retention area in the northern slope of Qinling Mountain are Heihe River, Shitou River, Chanhe River and Bahe River basin. Their high value areas of water retention function located at some sub-watersheds, correspondingly as the souths of Heihe River, Shitou River, Shensha River and Bahe River. （3） Climate factor was found closely related to the ability of water conservation. Through the effect of vegetation change, land use/cover affected the regional water conservation function. For vegetation types, deciduous broad-leaved forest contributed the most proportion; for soil properties, brown soil had the highest contribution rate. [Conclusion] Water conservation capacity varied differently with regions by its comprehensive factors,such as climates, the way of land use, vegetation cover and soil conditions. In a word, the closer to the main ridge of Qinling Mountains, the stronger ability of water conservation in the northern slop of Qinling Mountains.
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
2017年第2期50-56,共7页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
环保部"全国生态环境十年变化(2000-2010年)遥感调查与评估项目:陕西专题"(STSN-05-26)
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201304309)
作者简介
范亚宁（1992-），女（汉族），甘肃省庆阳市人，硕士研究生，研究方向为生态评价与生态规划。E-mail：yaning017@163．com。
刘康（1963-），男（汉族），陕西省咸阳市人，硕士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事区域生态评价与规划，植被地理，景观生态学等研究。E-mail：liuk63@126．com。
