摘要
锂硫电池具有能量密度高、单质硫来源广泛和环境友好等优势,是新型二次电池未来发展的方向之一。作为锂硫电池中的重要组成部分,功能电解质材料的物性特征与电池的整体性能密切相关。在当前电解质材料的研究中,还存在许多关键技术难题,如多硫化物溶解于锂硫电池电解质中所引起的穿梭效应,会导致锂硫电池库仑效率低、容量衰减快和自放电严重等问题。本文综述了面向锂硫电池应用的新型功能电解质材料的研究进展:(1)有机液体电解质中有机溶剂组分、锂盐和添加剂的优化改性对锂硫电池性能的影响;(2)离子液体电解质对多硫化物扩散的阻碍作用;(3)固态/半固态电解质对穿梭效应的抑制,并展望了锂硫电池用功能电解质材料的未来发展方向。
Currently lithium sulfur （Li-S） batteries are recognized as the most promising novel secondary battery candidates due to their high energy density, abundant sulfur and environment benign. The functional electrolyte is a major component of Li-S batteries, which physical property characteristics are closely related to the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. Nevertheless, its development is restricted by some key technologies. The polysulfides dissolve into electrolytes and cause the consequent shuttle phenomenon, resulting in low coulombic efficiency, fast capacity fade and serious self-discharge of Li-S batteries. This paper reviews the recent research progress for these problems of the electrolytes for Li-S batteries. ① the modification and optimization of the solvent components, lithium salts and additives of the organic liquid electrolytes to improve the performance of Li-S batteries, ② the effect on polysulfides dissolution by ionic liquid electrolytes, and ③ the suppression of the shuttle effects by （semi-） solid-state electrolytes. Finally, the future research trends of the functional electrolytes for Li-S electrolytes are proposed.
出处
《储能科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
2017年第3期451-463,共13页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0100204)
国家自然科学基金项目(21373028)
关键词
锂硫电池
有机液体电解质
离子液体
固态电解质
半固态电解质
lithium sulfur batteries
organic liquid electrolytes
ionic liquids
solid state electrolytes
semi-solid electrolytes
作者简介
王丽莉（199l-），女，博士研究生，主要研究方向为锂硫电池电解质，E-mail：lilywang8991@163.com；
通讯联系人：陈人杰，教授，主要研究方向为新能源材料与功能器件，E-mail：chenrj@bit．edu．cn。
