摘要
为验证烟草漂浮育苗单粒播种的可行性,选用烤烟‘云烟87’催芽包衣种,设计试验方案T1压穴、播种、盖种一体化手工播种器;T2为压穴、播种、盖种分离式手工播种器;CK为自动播种机。手工播种器播种时1穴仅播种1粒,播种机播种时周边行播2粒,其余孔穴播1粒。实验数据采用随机取样的方式,统计各处理的出苗率、双苗率、多苗率以及大十字期间苗、补苗用工量和用工成本等进行对比分析。结果显示,播种机播种的出苗率仅为85.9%,双苗率和多苗率分别达到32.4%、13.4%,且每盘增加了间苗、补苗费0.8元。播种器单粒播种的出苗率均在90%以上,在气温较低的1月也达91.7%,每盘可节约间苗补苗费0.8元。集压穴、播种、盖种一体化的手工播种器不但提升了出苗率、整齐度和烟苗素质,而且还降低了生产成本和传毒风险,节约了生产用种。
In this paper,the feasibility of single seed sowing was verified in floating seedling system.A field experiment was conducted with primed and pelleted seeds of flue-cured tobacco as the test materials.Three treatments were set up：a manual integrated sowing device which had planting hole-making,sowing,and seed covering（T1）,a manual sowing device with separated planting hole-making,sowing,and seed covering（T_2）,and machine sowing（CK）.At the time of sowing,one seed was sown in one hole by manual sowing device,while two seeds were sown in the surrounding hole and one seed was sown in the remaining hole by machine sowing.The experimental data of germination rate,double seedlings rate,multiple seedlings rate,the labor amount and the labor cost during the period of the 4 true leaves were estimated and analyzed using random sampling.The results showed that the germination rate,double seedling rate and multiple seedlings rate of machine sowing was 85.9%,32.4%and 13.4%,respectively.The cost of thinning seedlings and filling seedlings was 0.8 yuan/plate in machine sowing.The germination percentage was more than 90%by manual sowing device,the minimum germination percentage was 91.7%in January,and the cost of thinning seedlings and filling seedlings could be saved.Therefore,the manual sowing device,which set planting hole-making,sowing,and seed covering in integration,was the best,not only to enhance the germination percentage,uniformity and quality of tobacco seedling,but also to reduce the production cost and the risk of virus spread,and save seeds.
出处
《农学学报》
2017年第3期55-58,共4页
Journal of Agriculture
基金
重庆市烟草专卖局科技项目"重庆烟区K326品种配套技术体系研究"(NY20150601070011)
关键词
烟草
漂浮育苗
单粒播种
播种器
Tobacco
Floating Seedling System
Cultivated with Single Seed
Sowing Tool
作者简介
王红锋，男，1978年出生，河南驻马店人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事烤烟栽培生理研究。通信地址：400715重庆市北碚区天生路2号西南大学棉研楼2楼重庆烟草科学研究所，E-mail：hfwang@163．com。
通讯作者：江厚龙，男，1980年出生，河南信阳人，高级农艺师，博士，主要从事烟草栽培生理与营养调控研究。通信地址：400715重庆市北碚区天生路2号西南大学棉研楼2楼重庆烟草科学研究所，E-mail：jh1513@163．com。
