摘要
分析我国西南地区近30年玉米的育种态势,得出玉米杂交种子粒产量随区域试验轮次呈线性增加,与对照比较,子粒产量平均每轮次递增1.87%;出苗至成熟天数随轮次呈线性延长,每轮次平均延长0.32d;株高随轮次呈线性增加,平均每轮次增高2.82cm;随年代增加,穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数和百粒重均呈增加趋势,秃尖长度表现为延长;种质基础与利用模式具有一定的特殊性。通过延长生育期和增加株高来提高产量,片面追求高秆稀植大穗型品种是西南地区玉米育种的误区。选准合适的育种目标,培育和改良核心育种材料,注重自交系一般配合力、自身产量和抗逆性选择是育种成败的关键。充分挖掘种质资源利用潜力,培育适合轻简栽培品种,将特用玉米育种与产业开发相结合应是今后玉米育种的发展方向。
The situation for maize breeding in the past 30 years in southwest of China was analysed and it was found that maize hybrid grain yield increased linearly with test rounds in the area and the grain yield increased by 1.87% averagely compared with CK. The days from emergence to maturity extended linearly with the test rounds in the area with 0.32d extended averagely. Plant height increased linearly with regional trial rounds by 2.82cm on average. Ear diameter, ear row number, kernel number, and 100-grain weight showed a linear increase, and bald tip length extended linearly with the increase of age; germplasm basis and utilization mode of heterosis had certain particularity. There are three main errors in maize breeding in southwest of China： extending growth period, increasing plant height, and emphasizing on high stem but planting sparsely with large spike cultivars. It was the key to the success or failure of breeding by choosing accurately appropriate breeding objectives, breeding and improving core breeding materials, focusing on the selection of general combining ability, yield and stress tolerance of inbred lines. Actively adapting to the new national seed policy, fully excavating utilization potential of existing germplasm resources, cultivating varieties suitable for light and simple cultivation, and combining specialty maize breeding and industrial development should be the direction of maize breeding in southwest of China.
出处
《作物杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2017年第1期20-24,共5页
Crops
基金
重庆市社会事业与民生保障专项(cstc2016shms-ztzx80017)
关键词
玉米育种
种质基础
育种策略
产量
Maize breeding
Germplasm basis
Breeding strategy
Yield
作者简介
霍仕平，研究员，主要从事玉米遗传育种研究
