摘要
【目的】探讨源自湖北省大别山区调查发现的两种新砧木类型小果甜柿和牛眼柿的分类学地位及其作为完全甜柿广亲和砧木的可能性。【方法】在应用SSAP分子标记技术分析小果甜柿和牛眼柿植物分类学地位基础上,进一步建立离体嫁接技术以早期判断砧穗嫁接亲和性,同时对多种砧穗组合的田间性状进行多年观测和比较分析。【结果】(1)SSAP分析证明小果甜柿和牛眼柿与柿(Diospyros kaki Thunb.)为同种;(2)愈伤组织靠接和离体茎段嫁接结果均显示以小果甜柿和牛眼柿为砧木与‘次郎’或‘富有’的嫁接亲和性较君迁子为佳,且小果甜柿较牛眼柿更优;(3)以小果甜柿和牛眼柿为砧木时‘次郎’和‘松本早生’成年树田间生长发育均表现正常,砧木为牛眼柿时‘次郎’和‘松本早生’坐果率和单株产量相对较高,其他果实品质指标在不同年份间有差异,但不同砧穗组合间差异不显著。【结论】小果甜柿和牛眼柿可望作为完全甜柿的广亲和砧木。
[Objective] Grafting is an ancient and now well-developed technique for persimmon production. However, some leading Pollination Constant Non-astringent （PCNA） persimmon cuhivars like ＇ Fuyuu＇ or ＇ Taishuu＇ are early or late incompatible with Chinese traditional rootstock Date plum （Diospy- ros lotus L.）. This incompatible phenomena may result in propagation failure in nursery or weak tree vigor in orchard. Therefore, it is important to survey and select widely-compatible rootstock for PCNA persimmon. Recently, two genotypes named Xiaoguo Tianshi and Niuyanshi were collected from the Dabieshan mountain region in central China. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic status and clarify the potential as extensive rootstock of Xiaoguo Tianshi and Niuyanshi before commercial use. [Methods] The SSAP （sequence-specific amplification polymorphism） method based on LTR retrotransposon was utilized to investigate the genetic relationship among Xiaoguo Tianshi, Niuyanshi and some persimmon cuhivars or species. The calculation of DICE similarity coefficient and clustering analysis were carried out by NTSYS-PC version 2.10e software. In vitro culture and ly characteristics of persimmons. During es occurring in graft grafting grafting surface grafting techniques were applied for determining earcompatibility using Xiaoguo Tianshi and Niuyanshi as rootstocks for PCNA union formation, observation of growth and anatomical investigation of changwere made by using Nikon Eclipse E200 microscopy. Meanwhile, the field performance of the 6 years old trees derived from the four grafting combinations including ＇ Matsumoto- wase＇ and ＇Jirou＇ grafted onto Xiaoguo Tianshi and Niuyanshi repectively from 2012 to 2015 were observed to evaluate long-term effects of rootstock on scions in the fruiting season. The scion tree growth was assessed through the measurement of trunk height, scion and rootstock circumference, fruit set percentage, fruit index, yield, fruit weight, seed number and soluble solid content （SSC）. The software Origin Pro8.1 was used for trees growth, yield and quality data analysis. [Results] （1） From 38 selected SSAP primers, 29 primer sets exhibited robust amplification in these tested materials. In total, 442 scorable amplification bands were generated by retrotransposon-based markers, accounting for 97.7% polymorphisms. Based on UPGMA analysis, 26 Diospyros species and cultivars could be divided into 4 clusters. Cluster Ⅰ comprised Chinese and Japanese cultivars, and Xiaoguo Tianshi and Niuyanshi grouped together with D. kaki. D. oleifera and Jinzaoshi fell into the Cluster Ⅱ. All the accessions of D. lotus formed a tight branch Cluster Ⅲ except for D. lotus T from Taiwan which presented a close relationship to D. glaucifolia （Cluster Ⅳ）. （2） The examination of different callus-grafting combinations results showed homografting were more successful than heterografting. Histological observation of eight combinations showed that cell organization and homogeneous arrangement on the grafting surface, strongly stained with Safranine and Fast Green except for ＇ Fuyuu＇/Date plum, in which graft surface with a portion of black area retained at 35 DAG （day after grafting）. Xiaoguo Tianshi and Niuyanshi as the rootstocks for ＇Jirou＇ or ＇Fuyuu＇ presented a better callus formation than Date plum. Soluble tannin accumulated on the graft surface of ＇Fuyuu＇/Date plum resulted in the separating layer on the grafting surface and reduced survival of the grafting. The growth and vascular anatomical investigation in 4 graft combinations of explanted internodegrafting at 15 DAG indicated that the homografting of ＇Jirou ＇/＇Jirou＇ would be the best combination, followed by Xiaoguo Tianshi and Niuyanshi as rootstocks. Meanwhile, there was a little vascular cambium formation for differentiation in ＇ Jirou＇/＇Jirou＇, ＇ Jirou＇/Xiaoguo Tianshi. However, disorganized cell ar- rangement on the grafting surface of ＇Jirou＇/Date plum were noticed. 30 days after explanted internodegrafting, vascular regeneration was found in ＇ Jirou＇/Xiaoguo Tianshi and ＇ Jirou＇/Niuyanshi, each grafting combination had healed apparently except for ＇Jirou＇/Date plum. These results indicated that vascular regeneration rate influenced the time of grafting union establishment among these grafting combinations. Grafting compatibility corresponded to the new callus formation rate and xylem connection. Polyphenols oxidizatlon on the grafting surface could influenced grafting compatibility. The early performance of in vitro scion/rootstock combination of ＇Fuyuu＇ with Xiaoguo Tianshi and Niuyanshi werte remarkably better than that with Date plum. （3） The scion-rootstock ratio of ＇Matsumoto-wase＇/Niuyanshi was 0.99 which was higher than that around 0.9 in other 3 grafting combinations, indicating better compatibility of grafting union between Niuyanshi and ＇ Matsumoto-wase＇. Yield and fruit set percentage of the scion trees grafted on Niuyanshi tended to exceed those on Xiaoguo Tianshi. No significant effects of interaction between root- stocks and scions on fruit quality were found, which fluctuated in different years. These adult trees showed normal growth in the field. Niuyanshi and Xiaoguo Tianshi seems to be compatible with ＇ Jirou＇ and ＇ Matsumoto-wase＇. [ Conclusion ] Those results suggested that Niuyanshi and Xiaoguo Tianshi belong to D. kaki and could be an excellent rootstock candidates for PCNA persimmon in China.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期50-58,共9页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203047)
国家科技基础性工作专项(2012FY110100)
甜柿种质资源研究与遗传改良(2015TD01)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662015PY022)
关键词
完全甜柿
砧木
嫁接亲和性
离体嫁接
田间表现
PCNA persimmon
Rootstock
Graft compatibility
In vitro grafting
Field performance
作者简介
胡梦珏，女，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为果树生物技术和种质创新。Tel：027-87281725，E-mail：humengjue@webmail.hzau．edu．cn
通信作者Author for correspondence．Tel：027-87282677，E-mail：zhangqinglin@mail．hzau．edu．cn
