山地问题的紧迫性美国大黄石生态系统中的景观规划被引量：1

THE URGENCY OF MOUNTAINS LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM, USA

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摘要对于维护生物栖息地以及保护那些被人类所欣赏的或人工再造过的地区,全球多山地区都提供了一个重要机会。然而当下人类管理如此复杂广阔的地区及其所庇护的生态系统面临着多重挑战,这些挑战目前尚无完全有效的解决之道。在描述了山地的全球维度之后,本文转而审视一个有着最悠久国家公园建设历史的地区及其更大范围的生态系统,即黄石国家公园,以期从源头上追溯公园及生态系统管理实践。本文就当代管理挑战的四大不同维度进行探究:公园内部和联邦各部门间之事务,短期参观,大黄石生态系统内私人土地管理与非联邦土地规划,诸如全球变暖等发生在区域尺度的互动关系。上述分析是在一个统一概念框架中进行的,即影响该生态系统的生态过程以及从这些自然保护地中流入流出的环境交互媒介。山地问题的紧迫性源自一个简单的事实:环境快速恶化所需的时间也许比人类展开有效行动所需的时间要短本文提供了在全球各山地区加速这种行动的建议,同时确认在这方面黄石经验适用于所有山地。 Mountainous regions over the world represent one primary opportunity not only for the maintenance of biotic habitat, but also for the preservation of places humans appreciate and wherein they recreate. Management of such complex and expansive places and the ecosystems they harbor however confronts multiple contemporary chalenges for which fuly satisfactory answers have yet to emerge. Once the global dimensions of mountainous terrain have been characterized, the paper turns to the one place having the longest history as a national park—Yelowstone National Park—and to its wider ecosystem, the Greater Yelowstone Ecosystem, in order to trace the evolution of park and ecosystem management practices from the earliest years. Four distinct dimensions of the contemporary management chalenge are addressed： intra-park and federal inter-agency concerns, short-term visitation, private land management and planning on the non-federal lands within the larger ecosystem, and interactions occurring at the regional scale including global warming. Such analysis is set within a conceptualization of the ecologic processes at work within this ecosystem, and the medium of environmental exchanges flowing to and from such natural reserves. The urgency of mountains arises from the simple fact that the time span for rapid environmental erosion may be shorter than the span of time required for efficacious action. Proposals are offered for hastening such action for al such places across the world, acknowledging at the same time that Yelowstone, indeed no such place, can represent al.

作者托马斯·A·克拉克何伟(翻译)

机构地区不详

出处《风景园林》 2016年第7期16-49,共34页 Landscape Architecture

关键词大黄石生态系统综合生态系统管理国家公园区域环境治理生物多样性区域景观规划山区栖息地保护野生生物廊道 Greater Yelowstone Ecosystem Integrated Ecosystem Management National Parks Regional Environmental Governance Biodiversity Regional Landscape Planning Mountain Habitat Conservation Wildlife Corridors

分类号 TU984.18 [建筑科学—城市规划与设计]

作者简介托马斯·A·克拉克博士，生于1944年，美国人，是一位科罗拉多大学丹佛分校，建筑与规划学院城市规划和政策发展专业名誉退休教授。他的研究方向是城市／区域增长管理；城市／区域经济发展：能源政策：山地景观：城市形态和乡镇规划。