摘要
目的分析西安市2006~2015年麻疹、流行性腮腺炎（流腮）和风疹暴发疫情的流行病学特征及其应急处置效果,以制定更有效的防控措施。方法搜集整理西安市2006~2015年突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告的相关暴发疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果西安市2006~2015年无麻疹暴发疫情,流腮暴发疫情26起1 134例,风疹暴发疫情4起90例,均无死亡病例。所有疫情均发生在学校和托幼机构。流腮暴发疫情呈春冬季双峰分布,风疹暴发疫情呈春季单峰分布。流腮和风疹暴发疫情的高危场所分别是小学（20起）和中学（3起）。流腮暴发疫情的报告处置及时性时间与其持续时间呈正相关（r_s=0.593,P〈0.05）,风疹暴发疫情二者间的相关性不明显（r_s=0.800,P=0.200）。结论中小学校和托幼机构免疫空白儿童持续累积和麻腮风联合疫苗（MMR）接种剂次较少可能是疫情暴发的主要原因。建议儿童入学时再接种1剂次MMR。及早报告和有效的应急处置有助于疫情的及时控制。
Objective To determine epidemiological characteristics and control measure effectiveness for measles,mumps and rubella outbreaks in Xi＇an city,and to develop more effective control strategies.Methods Data from measles,mumps,and rubella outbreaks during 2006 to 2015 were collected from the National Public Health Emergency Reporting System and were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 26 mumps outbreaks with 1 134 cases and 4 rubella outbreaks with 90 cases were reported in Xi＇an from 2006 to 2015;no deaths and no measles outbreaks were reported.All outbreaks occurred in schools and kindergartens.Mumps outbreaks peaked in the spring and winter,and rubella outbreaks peaked in the spring.Primary schools（ 20 mumps outbreaks） and middle schools（ 3 rubella outbreaks） were high risk settings of mumps and rubella outbreaks.Spearman correlation coefficients between response time and control effects for mumps and rubella outbreaks were 0.593（P〈0.05）and 0.800（ P = 0.200）,respectively.Conclusions The main reason for these outbreaks may be receipt of a single dose of measles,mumps and rubella combined vaccine（ MMR） immunization for children and the accumulation of non-immune students in schools and kindergartens.A second dose of MMR vaccination should be given to children upon school entry.Early reporting and effective response were associated with timely control of outbreaks.
出处
《中国疫苗和免疫》
北大核心
2016年第3期289-292,297,共5页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
麻疹
流行性腮腺炎
风疹
麻腮风联合疫苗
暴发
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Mumps and Rubella Combined Vaccine
Outbreaks
作者简介
张辉（1986-），男，陕西渭南人，西安市疾病预防控制中心主管医师，硕士，主要从事传染病预防与控制工作。电话：029—85533696．E-mail：493490422@qq．com
