摘要
应急撤离演示是飞机初始适航审定的重要环节。CCAR-25-R4《运输类飞机适航标准》附录J规定应急演示中使用的应急出口必须是每一对出口中的一个,而实际应急演示中都是开放一侧出口,这对A380飞机来说差别很大。依据规章及对航空事故调查数据的分析,提出基于概率的应急撤离演示出口选择方案,以结构复杂的多出口A380飞机为例,设定火灾场景和疏散乘客参数,通过Pathfinder建模和分析,模拟出各方案的应急疏散时间。结果表明:一侧出口开放方案的撤离时间为68.90 s,基于概率出口选择方案的场景a.和场景b.的撤离时间分别为68.48 s和92.04 s;分析出影响撤离时间的相关因素,并提出相应优化方案的具体措施。
The paper is dedicated to a simulated study for the aircraft cabin emergency evacuation by setting up a simulated fire scene and the likely evacuation parameters by taking the structurally complicated multi-exit A380 aircraft as a case study sample.By simulating the above said model with the Pathfinder software,conclusions can be drawn as follows：the evacuation time should be chosen based on a single-sided exit evacuation time as 68.80 s,in accordance with the simulated Scene One whereas 68.48 s and 92.04 s,respectively,for Scene Two based on the probability-calculating exit selection schedule,though,the single-sided exit evacuation may not be the best choice.In accordance with the above simulation results,we have analyzed various factors that tend to influence the evacuation speed and efficiency,for example,the position of the emergency exits and the emergency behaviors of the passengers,which may all directly affect the evacuation efficiency.Therefore,we would like to propose reasonable method for arranging the seats of the upper and lower economy class.At the same time,it can be thought that the aircraft A380 is well enough to meet the evacuation demand to be finished within 90 s under the well-controlled schedule in case of urgency with a situation of herd or panic.Actually,in such cases,passengers would rather wait for a nearer crowded exits than choose a longer distance free exits.Therefore,the crew members of the aircraft should take the lead in guiding the passengers to a right exit to get rid of the risk.In so doing,this paper can not only provide a reference frame for the proper approach to the aircraft emergency evacuation demonstration,but can also provide a technical instruction to establish a cabin emergency evacuation project and the corresponding training.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期154-157,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(11202004)
关键词
安全工程
应急撤离演示
模拟
方案设计
飞机客舱
safety engineering
emergency evacuation demonstration
simulation
program design
aircraft cabin
作者简介
张青松，副教授，博士，从事飞机客舱疏散研究，nkzqsong@126．com。
