摘要
社区获得性肺炎(CAP)是临床最常见的感染性疾病之一,好发于冬春季,常见病原包括细菌、病毒及非典型病原体。在我国,儿童CAP病原以细菌和病毒为主,其中肺炎链球菌是最常见细菌病原,呼吸道合胞病毒是最主要病毒病原;青壮年CAP的首位病原为肺炎支原体;老年CAP病原则以革兰阴性(G-)杆菌为主,肺炎克雷伯杆菌是其最常见致病菌。CAP的病原谱随国家、地区、时代、人群不同而差异很大,动态了解我国CAP的主要病原和不同人群感染病原的主要种类,既可以协助临床诊治,还对我国疾病预防控制工作有重要的指导意义。
Community acquired pneumonia（CAP） is one of the most common infectious disease, occurs in winter and spring frequently, the common pathogens of CAP includes bacteria, viruses and atypical pathogens. In China, bacteria and viruses are the main pathogens of children CAP, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacteria pathogen,and respiratory syncytial virus is the most important viral pathogen; Mycoplasma pneumonia is the first pathogen of CAP among young adults; Gram-Negative bacillus is the main pathogens of CAP among the elderly, Klebsiellia pneumonia is the most common pathogenic bacteria of CAP among the elderly. The pathogens of CAP distribution varies significantly in different countries, districts, periods and age groups, closely monitoring of major pathogens of CAP and categories of pathogens of patients in different age groups in our country not only helps to assist the clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also to guide prevention measures adoption in disease control.
出处
《中国医药导报》
CAS
2016年第15期55-58,共4页
China Medical Herald
关键词
社区获得性肺炎
病原学
儿童
青壮年
老年人
Community acquired pneumonia
Etiology
Children
Young adults
Elderly
作者简介
刘策（1982．9-），女，硕士；研究方向：传染病学。
【通讯作者】叶芳（1973．9-），女，医学博士，硕士生导师，副主任医师，清华大学附属北京市垂杨柳医院血液科主任；研究方向：血液病的基础和临床研究。
