摘要
受政治经济形势影响,熙丰之前宋朝仅为掌控海外贸易资源以补充财用,粗放管理海外贸易,允许未立市舶机构港口实行直航贸易。熙丰之时,宋朝为了最大限度地垄断海外贸易资源,强化市舶司职能,将发舶和住舶港口限定在三个设立市舶司的港口集中管理,未立市舶机构港口只能进行转口贸易。熙丰之后,朝廷采取务实态度经营海外贸易,但是只允许位于南海贸易中转站的海南岛享有住舶权可进行直航贸易以补贴地方财政,其余未立市舶机构港口依然只能实行转口贸易。为了节约行政成本和人力成本,未立市舶机构港口海外贸易由地方政府兼管,仅保留稽查、征税、经营、救护四个基本职能以维持海外贸易的基本运行。未立市舶机构港口的海外贸易虽然被逐步边缘化,但不失为市舶贸易的延伸和补充。
Before the reign of Xining and Yuanfeng （ 1068--1085 ） in the Song Dynasty, owing to the domestic political and economic circumstances, the Song Court allowed ports without Shibosi, a maritime trade bureau, to conduct direct overseas trade, so as to control the overseas trade recourses and increase the fiscal revenue. Dur- ing the reign of Xining and Yuanfeng, only three harbors with Shibosi were designated to take charge of all the departure and arrival ports, which strengthened the functions of Shibosi, while the ports without Shibosi were only allowed for intermediary trade. After the period, the policy did not change much except that Hainan Island, the transit port in South China Sea, had the right to host arriving boats for direct trade so as to increasethe local fiscal revenue. In order to save the administrative and labor costs, the overseas trade at ports without Shibosi was supervised by the local government while these ports just have functions of inspection, taxation, management and rescue. Although the ports without Shibosi were marginalized in the overseas trade, they still served as a good sup- plement to Shibosi trade.
出处
《海交史研究》
2016年第1期13-26,共14页
Journal of Maritime History Studies
关键词
宋朝
港口
市舶司
直航贸易
转口贸易
Song Dynasty
Port
Shibosi
Direct Tade
Intermediary Trade
作者简介
陈少丰：福建省泉州海外交通史博物馆文博馆员、博士（泉州：362000）
