摘要
中国的养老金计划由政府进行设计并以合约的形式提供,成员按照政府给出的统一缴费率和退休年龄标准进行缴费并领取养老金,我们称这种在相同合约下的统一养老金计划1为"一刀切2",与其相对的即是针对"不同成员特点"的"差异化3"养老金计划。一刀切式的养老金计划虽然可以带来推广上的简便,但由于参与人群的差异性,对其道德风险进行监管的成本很高,已经对我国目前养老金计划的可持续性和有效性构成了威胁。这促使我们思考差异化的养老金计划能否成为一个更为可行的方案,通过设计一组让"不同"成员都"乐于主动"参加的合约,从而在根本上解决道德风险的问题。本文从合约设计的视角,就中国养老金计划的可持续性,养老金计划的差异化和统一化之间孰优孰劣进行了比较,得出了一个反直觉的结论:总体来看,养老金计划中固有的道德风险难以通过差异化的合约设计得到改善,一刀切模式的合约反而能够通过让社会成员选择唯一合约提高资源配置效率。
The pension scheme in China is supplied in the form of contract by the governmental design.The members pay fee and get pension according to the uniform fee rate and retirement age standards. We call the convergent pension plan constrained by common contract convergence. The other one is divergent pension plan according to the features of different members. Although it is easy to popularize convergent pension plan,the participating crowds are different,the cost of supervision over moral hazard is very high and now it has already threatened the sustainability and validity of Chinese current pension. This makes us think about whether divergent pension plan become a feasible scheme and the moral hazard problem can be solved radically by designing a group of contracts in which different members are willing to participate actively. This paper compares the sustainability,divergence and convergence of Chinese pension plan from the perspective of contractual design and draws a counterintuitive conclusion: generally speaking,it is hard to improve the inherent moral hazard of Chinese pension plan by divergent contract design and convergent model contract can raise resource allocation efficiency by letting social members select sole contract.
出处
《当代经济科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期1-12,124,共12页
Modern Economic Science
基金
国家社科科学基金青年项目"消费者对转基因食品安全性的‘主观态度’在模糊性决策框架下的解析与度量研究"(项目编号:15CJL020)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金
中央财经大学科研创新团队支持计划"社会共同需求框架下财政基础理论的跨学科研究"
关键词
养老金计划
合约理论
机制设计
统一化
差异化
Pension Plan
Optimal Contract Theory
Mechanism Design
Convergence
Divergence
作者简介
姚东曼（1985-），陕西省汉中市人，经济学博士，中央财经大学中国财政发展协同创新中心讲师，硕士生导师，研究方向：合约理论，组织经济学；
李嘉晟（1996-），湖北省仙桃市人，中央财经大学经济学院学生，研究方向：数理经济学，发展经济学。
