摘要
通过2014年在新疆巴州灌溉试验站开展的棉花膜下滴灌大田试验,在各生育期选取不同的灌水下限,设置4个水平的灌水量处理(处理A、B、C、D分别为425 mm·30次^(-1)、345 mm·22次^(-1)、545 mm·18次^(-1)、595mm·16次^(-1)),研究不同灌水下限对膜下滴灌棉花土壤水盐运移规律、盐分分布及积累特征的影响,并对土壤水盐运移规律、分布特征及棉花产量进行评价。试验以TRIME-T3管式TDR监测土壤含水率指示灌水,初步得出:不同灌水下限影响棉花的田间灌水及产量,灌水下限定的高时(处理A、B),灌水频率增加,增大了田间耗水量且滴灌土壤水分水平运动距离和范围有限,对盐分的淋洗效果一般;灌水下限较低时(处理C、D),次灌水量大,灌溉定额增加,综合控盐效果较好,棉花产量较高。基于不同灌水下限对膜下滴灌棉花生育期内的生长有显著影响,对棉花产量有一定的影响,B处理(345 mm·22次^(-1))可获得最高的灌溉水生产效率为1.79 kg·m^(-3),D处理(595 mm·16次^(-1))可获得最大籽棉产量为6 630 kg·hm^(-2)。
Different irrigation lower limits were selected to set four treatments at each growth stage,（ the treatments of A,B,C and D were 425 mm·30times^-1,345 mm·22times^-1,545 mm·18times^-1,and 595 mm·16times^-1,respectively）. Their effects on soil water-salt transport,salt distribution and accumulation characteristics were studied to evaluate the rule for soil water-salt transport,distribution characteristic and cotton yield through a field experiment under mulched drip-irrigation at Bazhou Irrigation Experimental Station（ Korla,Xinjiang,China） in 2014. TRIME- T3 tubular TDR was employed to measure soil moisture content as the irrigation indicator. It was preliminary concluded that different irrigation lower limits impacted field irrigation and yield of cotton. When the irrigation lower limit was set to be high（ AB treatments） increased the irrigation frequency and water consumption in the field,and caused the distance and scope of soil moisture movement within the horizontal limit. Salt leaching effect was not very good. When the irrigation lower limit was set to be low（ CD treatments）,the amount for single irrigation and the irrigation quota were both increased,showing a good effect on the integrated control of salt and resulting in high cotton yield. The irrigation based on different irrigation lower limits had significant influence on the growth of cotton at every growth stage and had certain influence on cotton yield. In particular,B treatment（ 345 mm·22times^-1） could result in a maximum irrigation water use efficiency of 1. 79kg·m^-3and D treatment（ 595 mm·16times^-1） could cause a maximum cotton yield of 6 630 kg·hm^-2.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期232-238,共7页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区"十二五"重大科技专项(201130103-3)
中德合作"中国塔里木河流域沿河绿洲的可持续管理(SuMaRiO)"
新疆水文学及水资源重点学科基金(XJSWSZYZDXK20101202)
作者简介
汪昌树（1989-），男，河南开封人，硕士研究生，研究方向为干旱区水资源利用与保护。
通信作者：杨鹏年（1966-），男，教授，硕士生导师，主要从事干旱区地下水资源利用研究。E-mail：ypn10@163．com。
