摘要
[Objective] The aims of this study were to understand the flowering biological characteristics of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca and analyze its differences with other apricot varieties and plum varieties. [Method] Taking three varieties of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca as the research object, the phenophase of blooming,morphology characteristics of floral organs and development characteristics of floral organs were observed, pollen amount, pollen viability and stigma receptivity were measured. [Result] The results showed that three varieties of Prunus domestica×armeniaca were in blossom in early April, the florescence were relatively late for 8-12 d comparing with the varieties of apricot, the florescence were relatively similar to the P. domestica L. Morphology characteristics of floral organs of three varieties of Prunus domestica×armeniaca had few differences, were relatively similar to two varieties of plum, and they all had high percent of middle-style and long-style flower.The pollen amount of three varieties of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca had a little differences comparing with two varieties of plum, but were lower than three varieties of apricot. There were some differences in pollen viability, the germination percentage of pollen of ‘Konglongdan＇ was relatively high, was 51.6%; The pollen amount of ‘Fengweihuanghou＇ was relatively high, was 880.8 per anther; ‘Weidi＇ had fewer pollen amount, and the pollen viability was just 2.1%; Three varieties of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca all had strong stigma receptivity on the bloom day, and the stigma receptivity continued exist until the day that 5 days after blooming. [Conclusion] The florescence of three varieties of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca were relatively concentrated, and the rate of pistil abortion was lowest, the variation intensity of stigma receptivity and sustainable time of three varieties of Prunus domestica×armeniaca almost had a little differences comparing with a variety of plum, but slightly more than three varieties of apricot.
以3个杏李品种为研究对象,观察开花物候期、花器官形态特征及发育特征并测定花粉量、花粉活力及柱头可授性。结果表明,3个杏李品种花期相对集中,均于4月初开花,较对照杏品种晚8～12 d,与对照欧洲李品种花期较为相近。3个杏李品种的花器官特征差异不大,与2个李品种较为相似,均具有较高比例的中长花柱花。3个杏李品种的单花药花粉量与各李品种间差异不大,但均低于对照杏品种。花粉活力存在一定差异,其中"恐龙蛋"的花粉萌发率相对较高,为51.6%;"风味皇后"的单花药花粉量相对较高,为880.8粒/花药;"味帝"的花粉量较少且花粉活力极低,只有2.1%;3个杏李品种开花当天均具有极强的可授性,且可授性一直持续到花后5 d,三者柱头可授性变化强度及持续时间与对照李品种差异不大,略高于3个杏品种。
基金
Supported by Highly-qualified and Highly-efficient Cultivation Technology Demonstration adn Promotion of Apricot and Plum~~
作者简介
魏雅君（1992一），女，甘肃酒泉人，硕士研究生，研究方向为果树种质资源。E-mail：1477103777@qq．com。通讯作者，教授，博导，主要从事果树种质资源及栽培生理研究，E-mail：13899825018@163．com。
