摘要
我国地热资源相当丰富,应用潜力巨大,因此,大力发展地热能能够缓解能源供应紧张局面,很大程度上解决因大量使用化石能源所造成严重的空气污染问题。在我国,应根据资源分布特点制定地热发展规划,在资源品质较好的地区发展地热发电,在有条件的地区发展各种地热直接利用技术,采用综合梯级利用提高资源利用效率。今后开发利用地热能,政府应加大对地热能利用的政策支持,鼓励企业加大资金投入;同时开发商应做好规划和布局,优选技术路线,使得地热能的利用由无序变有序,朝着更加科学合理的方向发展。
Geothermal resources are very rich in China, which has great practical potential. Vigorous expansion of geothermal can ease the energy shortage, and largely solve the serious problem of air pollution caused by the massive use of fossil fuels. In China, geothermal development planning should be drawn up, according to distribution characteristics of geothermal resources and local social characteristics. In the west and southwest of China, geothermal power should be priorly developed. Because the grade of geothermal resources is relatively high in this area, density of population is small, the effect of geothermal power on human＇s life and production is little, electricity is easy to transport and it can ease the pressure on the national electricity demand to a certain extent. In the southeast coastal areas, temperature is high in summer, the hot weather lasts long, thus the energy consumption for refrigeration is quite large. If the rich geothermal resources can be used for refrigeration, the problem of power supply shortage can be greatly alleviated. In the northeast and north of China, the demand for heating is huge. Now coal is the main fuel, so air pollution is very serious, which affects seriously the quality of life of local people. As a kind of clean and high quality energy, geothermal energy can supply heat sustainably and stably, and it is the best alternative to northern heating energy. The ground source heat pump can be developed in the area where geothermal resource grade is relatively low, which is the effective way of saving energy and reducing energy＇s consumption. The development of geothermal energy is of important strategic significance for China＇s economic and social development. But in fact, the quantity of govemment investment is limited, the development of geothermal heating and ground source heat pump depends on enterprises mainly. Profit is the only purpose of enterprises, so a lot of high-quality resources have been exploited preferentially because of high return from investment, and geothermal resources which are difficult to be exploited are generally ignored. Exploitation for geothermal resources by enterprises is in a state of disorder, which makes geothermal resources wasted tremendously. All of above are not benefit for long-term development of geothermal energy. Measures are necessary to be adopted for the development of geothermal energy. Firstly, researchers and investors should be banded together to realize important role of themselves and considerable economic benefit in the development of geothermal energy, and to be inspired of great enthusiasm on the exploiting geothermal resources. Secondly, government guidance and policy support are necessary, and enthusiasm will be greatly improved if regulation about subsidy measures of geothermal exploitation is launched. Thirdly, it is necessary to actively guide the large state-owned enterprises intervention, such as PetroChina and Sinopec. The funds, resources, and appeal in the industry of them can attract people to the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resource, which will inject new vitality into the geothermal industry. Finally, SMEs should be encouraged actively to invest the geothermal energy continually, and geothermal heating, ground source heat pump, and otherindustries should be developed vigorously by expanding the financing scale with BOT mode or PPP mode. At present, the policies on geothermal energy are applicable to the macro-control, and there is no detailed rule on the development of geothermal industry, so it is difficult to implement those policies. So following suggestions are put forward. Firstly, subsidy policy on utilizing geothermal energy should be implemented as soon as possible to stimulate people＇s investment enthusiasm. Secondly, the industrial access threshold should be elevated to improve the technology level of productions. Finally, industry development plan should be enacted to make the exploitation of geothermal resources ordered.
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
CSCD
2016年第2期199-207,共9页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
基金
中科院学部咨询项目"大力发展分布式可再生能源应用和智能微网"
关键词
地热能
开发利用
现状
发展
geothermal energy, exploitation and utilization, present situation, development
作者简介
马伟斌中科院广州能源所地热能工程中心主任，研究员，博士生导师。1983年毕业于浙江大学化学工程专业，获学士学位。主要工作和成果：主要从事低温余（废）热吸收式制冷和热泵技术、太阳能和地热能制冷空调技术及太阳能固体吸附制冰技术的研究和开发工作。研制成功“5000kcal／h热水型溴化锂两级吸收式制冷实验样机”，北京热电总厂“350kW热水型溴化锂两级吸收式制冷中试机组”、“70kW余热热水型溴化锂两级吸收式制冷”、国家“九五”重点攻关项目“100kW太阳能制冷空调及热水示范系统”、中高温地源热泵系列产品等。获得发明专利1项，实用新型专利5项。发表论文40余篇，申请专利10余项，获省部级奖励8项。E-mail：mawb@ms．giec．ac．cn
通讯作者 赵黛青女，中科院广州能源所能源战略研究中心主任，研究员，博士生导师，＂百人计划＂入选者，973首席科学家。长期从事新能源与可再生能源发展战略、低碳经济与政策、可持续能源技术评价、先进燃烧技术等方面的应用基础研究，科研项目主要包括：我国至2050能源科技发展路线图，全球可再生能源科技发展态势研究，可再生能源技术的的生命周期综合评价，区域能源发展及碳减排情景分析，广东省碳排放权交易机制研究与设计等。完成软科学研究报告50余份，发表研究论文140余篇，主编／参编专著10部。E-mail：zhaodq@ms．giec．ac．cn
