摘要
作为一种重要的植物激素,脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)除具有引起植物芽体休眠、叶子脱落、气孔关闭、抑制植株生长和增强植物抗逆性等生理作用外,在果实生长发育和成熟衰老的过程中也具有重要的调控作用。高等植物组织中ABA生物合成主要是通过C40类胡萝卜素的间接途径来实现的。植物内源ABA的含量水平处于动态平衡状态,受其生物合成和分解代谢等因素影响,在此过程中有关基因转录表达水平和酶活性起着关键作用。内源ABA含量的升高会导致水果成熟和果肉软化,ABA可能同时调控了呼吸跃变型和呼吸非跃变型水果的成熟衰老。探究ABA的生物合成及其调控作用,对揭示水果的生长发育、品质形成、着色软化、成熟衰老等过程具有重要的现实意义。本文综述了ABA及其生成代谢相关基因调控水果成熟的研究进展,并展望了ABA在提高水果品质、延长水果货架期等方面的商业应用。
As an important plant hormone, abscisic acid（ABA） plays a series of significant physiological roles in higher plants including but not limited to bud dormancy, leaf fall, stoma closure, growth inhibition and plant resistance. Recently, it has been revealed that ABA also has an important regulatory role in the growth, development and ripening of fruits. In higher plants, the sesquiterpenoid ABA is produced via an indirect pathway from the cleavage products of C40 carotenoids. The accumulation of endogenous ABA levels in plants is a dynamic balance controlled by the processes of biosynthesis and catabolism, through transcriptional regulation of key ABA biosynthetic genes and enzymes activities. Levels of endogenous ABA gradually increase during the late stage of fruit development, and fruit ripening and softening are promoted by ABA accumulation. It has been hypothesized that the ABA level could be part of the signal that triggers fruit ripening, and that ABA biosynthesis and accumulation may play an important role in the regulation of ripening and senescence of both non-climacteric and climacteric fruits. These fi ndings have demonstrated that ABA has varieties of important roles in the regulation of growth and development, quality formation, coloring and softening, ripening and senescence of fruits, which has great realistic signifi cance in food science and postharvest biology of horticultural products. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the study of the role of ABA in fruit ripening and transcriptional regulation. In addition, we prospecte possible commercial applications of ABA signal regulation to improve fruit quality and shelf life.
出处
《食品科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期266-272,共7页
Food Science
基金
辽宁省农业科技攻关项目(2011205001)
渤海大学人才引进基金项目(BHU20120301)
关键词
脱落酸
生物合成
水果
成熟
调控
abscisic acid（ABA）
biosynthesis
fruit
ripening
regulation
作者简介
杨方威（1989-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水果成熟分子机制与园艺产品采后生物学。E-mail．henan2009yfw@163．com
通信作者：冯叙桥（1961-），男，教授，博士，研究方向为农产品贮藏加工与食品质量安全控制。E-mail：feng_xq@hotmail．com
