摘要
在调研国内外众多金属矿山和收集大量相关文献的基础上,综述了国内外金属矿山开采现状及研究进展,聚焦深部开采主要工程技术难题,从开采动力灾害预测防控、深井高温热害控制治理、深井提升、深井开采方法工艺变革、深部选矿新技术、智能无人采矿这六个方面,提出了解决我国深部开采难题的战略建议.结果表明:(1) 5000 m开采深度将会是我国金属矿深部开采中长期战略研究目标;(2)无绳垂直提升技术具有提升效率高、使用限制少的特点,建议我国重点针对此类技术装备研发;(3)将深部矿产资源开采与深部能源开发相结合,可以有效降低深部降温成本,是解决深部采矿经济性的新途径;(4)新一代采矿技术需对原有的采矿模式和开采工艺进行变革,机械连续切割破岩技术是未来超深矿井建设的重要发展方向;(5)充填法是保证深部开采安全最有效的方法之一,应对充填材料、充填工艺进行更深入的研究;(6)我国尚不具备全面推广遥控智能化无人采矿的条件,可以通过产学研联合攻关等方式逐步提高矿山生产自动化和遥控智能作业水平.
Mineral resources provide an important material basis for a country’s economic and social development.After decades of large-scale mining,the shallow-metal mineral resources of China have been reduced annually and the development of metal resources has reached the stage of comprehensive promotion of deep mining at present.Based on the investigation of a number of mines in China and abroad and an extensive review of the relevant literature,this study summarizes the present situation and research progress of metal mining by focusing on the main technical engineering problems of deep mining and proposing some strategic recommendations to solve the problems of deep mining from six aspects,including the prediction and prevention of dynamic mining disasters,the control of hightemperature thermal environments and treatment of hazards,deep-well hoisting,deep-well mining method and technology reform,new technology for deep mineral processing,and intelligent unmanned mining.The results include the following:(1)The medium and long-term strategic research target for the deep mining of metals in China will be the depth of 5000 m.(2)High efficiency and less restriction are characteristics of the cordless vertical lifting technology,which suggests that China should focus on the research and development of this technology and related equipment.(3)Combining the mining of deep mineral resources with that of deep energy resources can effectively reduce the cost of deep cooling and offers a new way to solve the economic challenges of deep mining.(4)Newgeneration mining technologies need to change the original mining models and technologies,and the continuous mechanical cutting and rock breaking technology represent an important development direction for the future construction of ultra-deep mines.(5)The filling method is one of the most effective methods for ensuring deep-production safety,and further research is needed on the filling material and filling process.(6)The conditions necessary for comprehensively promoting remote intelligent unmanned mining in China do not yet exist,and mining progress can be facilitated by university-industry collaboration.
作者
蔡美峰
薛鼎龙
任奋华
CAI Mei-feng;XUE Ding-long;REN Fen-hua(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《工程科学学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期417-426,共10页
Chinese Journal of Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0600703)
关键词
深部开采
动力灾害
高温热害
深井提升
战略建议
deep mining
dynamic disaster
high temperature damage
deep-well hoisting
strategic recommendations
作者简介
通信作者,任奋华,E-mail:renfh_2001@163.com。
