摘要
国际河流跨境洪灾防治复杂,须要求流域各国进行有效合作。但合作特征因流域而有所差异。国际河流防洪合作协议能反映出国际河流跨境洪灾防治合作特征及发展趋势,因此,以跨界淡水资源争端数据库(TFDD)中国际河流防洪合作协议作为样本,对协议文本进行内容分析,从合作主体数量、合作目标专业性与合作模式层次等方面来揭示国际河流跨境洪灾防治合作广度、深度及紧密度的特征与演进趋势。研究表明,国际河流跨境防洪合作在广度、深度与紧密度等方面有值得关注的特征和发展趋势:1就合作广度而言,不同于国际河流水资源一般性合作的主要趋势,跨境洪灾防治以双边合作为主;2就合作深度而言,跨境洪灾防治合作的目标逐步明晰,专业性不断提升;3就合作紧密度而言,高度合作模式是跨境防洪合作的主流;界河流域国更倾向于高合作模式,跨界河流流域国则更多选择低合作模式。目前,我国国际河流跨境防洪合作特征与国际整体发展趋势相符,但应关注在东北、西北和西南等地区国际河流防洪合作策略的差异。在东北地区,国际河流洪灾防治合作已成熟,应着眼于合作深度的强化。在西北地区,应重点防治融雪型、融雪叠加暴雨型洪水,同时,启动汛期流域联席会议或临时防洪小组,提高防洪合作的灵活性、应急性与协同性。在西南地区,应将合作目标定位于扶持下游国涉洪基础设施建设,逐步探索多边高层次合作。尤其是在湄公河流域,明确不同合作机制的层次与功能,规范不同合作机制的范围与领域,合理控制合作广度,减少"机制拥堵"。
International rivers＇ cross-border flood prevention is complicated, which requires the effective cooperation among riparian countries. However, the cooperation characters differ among fiver basins. The cooperation agreements about international rivers flood prevention can reflect the cooperation characters and development trends of cross-border flood prevention; therefore, the paper takes instance of the international rivers＇ flood prevention cooperation protocols from Transboundary Freshwater Disputes Database （TFDD） to analyze the documents, revealing the characters and evolution trends of breadth, depth and close degree of international rivers＇ cross- border flood prevention cooperation from the amount of cooperation main bodies, professionality of cooperation targets and levels of cooperation modes. The research demonstrates that there are some notable characters and development trends in breadth, depth and closeness of international rivers＇ cross-border flood prevention cooperation ： （1）Bilateral cooperation has occupied a dominant position in cross-border flood prevention cooperation different from the general trend of the international rivers water resources with respect to breadth. （2） The goal becomes more clear with increasing professionalisation in cross-border flood prevention cooperation in term of breadth. （3） High level mode is the main selection with regard to closeness. Riparian nations in boundary rivers tend to select the high level mode, and riparian nations of cross-border rivers are inclined to select the low level mode. China＇ international rivers＇ cross- border flood prevention cooperation characters match the whole world＇ s trends, but we should pay attention to the differences among the international rivers＇ cross-border flood prevention cooperation strategies in northeast, northwest and southwest regions. In northeast, we should focus on strengthening the cooperation＇ s depth in the context of mature international rivers＇ cross-border flood prevention cooperation. In northwest, we will be supposed to emphasize on preventing mehing snow flood and melting snow-storm flood emphasisly with the establishment of joint conference or temporary flood prevention group during flood season aiming to upgrade cooperation ＇ s flexibility, emergency and collaboration. In southwest, we ought to help the downstream countries build infrastructure construction, and explore multilateral cooperation at the high level gradually. Especially in the Mekong River Basin, we should determine the level and function of different cooperation mechanisms, and specify their scope and domain to control the cooperation＇ s breadth reasonablely with a view to reduce mechanism congestion.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第12期78-84,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"中国与周边国家水资源合作开发机制研究"(编号:11&ZD168)
长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目"国际河流战略与情报监测研究"(编号:IRT13062)
国家自然科学基金项目"平衡开发与保护下的不同水文气候区不同等级河流关键生态水文特征指标研究"(编号:41401010)
中国博士后科学基金项目"跨界河流生态和经济用水安全保障理论研究"(编号:2013M531270)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目"水利云的体系构建及其在长江流域的示范作用"(编号:2014B15114)
关键词
国际河流
防洪协议
内容分析
跨境洪灾
international rivers
flood prevention treaties
content analysis
cross-border flood
作者简介
刘宗瑞，博士生，主要研究方向为水资源管理。
