摘要
以郑单958为研究材料,在土壤、肥力、环境条件及管理一致的前提下,采用防雨棚和人工补水方法控制土壤水分,利用大田分区种植办法,分析研究干旱胁迫对夏玉米生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制夏玉米生长发育,使株高变矮、绿色叶面积下降、干物质减少,致使单株籽粒数减少、百粒重减轻,最终导致减产。干旱胁迫危害夏玉米的程度与水分胁迫发生的生育期密切相关,在拔节—抽雄期进行干旱控制,植株最矮,相对适宜水分条件下的植株矮16%左右,绿色叶面积系数最小,下降9%~27%,株干物质重下降22%~60%,灌浆速度较慢,库容较小,产量下降16%~24%;在抽穗—乳熟期进行干旱控制,植株较矮,株高下降7%~11%,重度干旱处理的浆速度最慢,库容最小,对产量影响最大,产量下降61%~66%。干旱危害程度也与水分胁迫强度有关,重度干旱危害比轻度干旱危害大。这表明,干旱是制约鲁西北夏玉米高产、稳产的关键因子,提高农田灌溉能力,可有效预防干旱造成的减产。
Taking Zhengdan ‘958＇, a new maize variety with high yield and good quality in Northwest Shandong, as research material, controlling soil moisture by rainproof shed and irrigation, tests were made by parting in a farm under the same of soil, fertility, environment conditions and management condition to analyze and research the influence of drought stress on growth and yield of summer maize. The results showed that drought stress inhibited maize growth stage, such as plant shorting, leaf area and dry weigh decreasing, so that grain number and 100 seed weight decreased and resulted in reducing the yield. The drought stress harmful for summer maize depended on not only its development but also drought severity,which was the greatest influence on maize yield from elongating to tasseling, yield decreased by 61%~66% and influence on stress was more severe influence than moderate stress. The drought was a key factor for the stable and high yield of maize in Northwest Shandong.
出处
《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
2015年第6期817-821,共5页
Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项:夏玉米高产稳产气象保障关键技术研究(GYHY201006041)
关键词
干旱胁迫
鲁西北
夏玉米
生长发育
产量
Drought stress
northwest Shandong
summer maize
development
yield
作者简介
作者简介：吴泽新（1970-），女，高级工程师，硕士，从事生态与农业气象工作．E-mail：wzx701113@126．com,通讯作者：Author for correespondence．E-mail：wzx701113@126．com
