摘要
所谓藏品来源,就是博物馆等文博收藏机构所收藏的文物资料等是以何种方式进入这些机构的。我国博物馆的藏品来源,一般有拨交、捐赠、购买、馆际交换等几种形式。中国国家博物馆是目前国内收藏近现代藏品最多的博物馆,它的这些藏品主要是通过拨交、捐赠、购买、借存等四种方式进入博物馆的。通过对2221件一级近现代藏品的来源统计分析,可以看到虽然中国国家博物馆在收藏近现代藏品之初,拟通过"捐赠、借存、购买"三种方式征集藏品,但在实际操作过程中,通过拨交方式入馆的文物藏品,其数量远远超过了以上三者的总和,成为中国国家博物馆一级近现代藏品的主体;这些藏品的入馆时间也相对集中,即中国国家博物馆的前身之一原中国革命博物馆馆建馆初期。由此可以得知,中国国家博物馆一级近现代藏品是通过拨交为主,捐赠、借存和购买为辅的模式积累起来的,而这种积累模式,具有一定的历史原因和时代特征,在新中国博物馆发展史上具有一定的普遍性。
＂Provenance＂ is the source from which o.fltural relics become part of the collection of museums or other cultural institutions. In China, cultural relics become museum collections usually through governmental transfer, donation, purchase, museum exchange, etc. So far among Chinese museums, the National Museum of China （NMC） boasts the largest number of modem cultural relics as well as first-rate modern cultural relics. These objects became NMC collections by way of governmental transfer, donation, purchase and loan. The current paper is a research of the provenance of 2,221 first-rate modem cultural relics in the NMC. It is found out that when the NMC began collecting modem objects, donation, loan and purchase were presumed to be the principal ways. Nevertheless, in practice, the number of objects that came to the museum through governmental transfer exceeds the total number of objects from the other three sources and is the majority of first-rate modem cultural relics. Most of them came to the museum in the early days of the former National Museum of Chinese Revolution （one of the forerunners of the NMC）. Museum collections through governmental transfer can be explained in special historical context and was not uncommon throughout the developments of Chinese museums after 1949.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第8期131-144,共14页
Journal of National Museum of China
关键词
中国国家博物馆
中国革命博物馆
藏品来源
一级近现代藏品
National Museum of China
National Museum of Chinese Revolution
provenance
first-rate modern cultural relics
