摘要
青藏高原高寒荒漠区是以藏羚、藏野驴和野牦牛等为代表的濒危有蹄类野生动物全球的主要分布区域,然而该区域高速公路、铁路等基础设施建设所带来的人为干扰,往往对上述濒危有蹄类迁徙廊道产生干扰及阻隔效应.基于最小费用距离路径原理及其Linkage Mapper模型,本研究模拟识别了青藏高原高寒荒漠区藏羚种群的潜在廊道分布,并依据主要自然保护区(阿尔金、可可西里和羌塘)和廊道之间的关系,将潜在廊道划分为封闭廊道(保护区内部廊道)、连通廊道(保护区之间廊道)、开放廊道(保护区与其外部非保护区区域之间廊道)和外部廊道(保护区区域之外的廊道)4种类型,并比较了它们的空间分布特征及其受扰状况.结果表明:尽管青藏高原高寒荒漠区有蹄类生境及其廊道总体保护状况仍相对较好,但日益增强的人为干扰对连接主要保护区之间部分廊道生态功能的干扰和影响不容忽视;目前划片分区式保护区管理模式不利于对以藏羚羊为代表的濒危有蹄类迁徙廊道进行有效的整体性保护,未来需要建立基于生态完整性和廊道连通性,整合上述3大保护区,建立青藏高原高寒荒漠保护区网络体系,打破保护区间的行政边界割裂和管理体系分割,通过建立保护区之间信息、资源共享以及保护措施的统一协调机制,实现整个高寒荒漠区生态系统、高原珍稀濒危物种的统一保护管理,提升高寒荒漠保护区的整体保护效率.
The alpine desert of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau（ QTP） provides the largest habitats for those endangered ungulates（ e. g.,Tibetan antelope,Tibetan Kiang and wild yak） on the earth. However,human disturbance especially infrastructure constructions（ e. g.,railway highway） has increasingly fragmented the habitats of those endangered ungulates by disturbing and interrupting their ecological corridors for their seasonal migration. Aiming at identifying the potential ecological corridors for Tibetan antelope,a GIS-based model-Linkage Mapper was used to model and detect the potential ecological corridors of Tibetan antelope based on the principle of least cost path. Three categories of ecological corridors,i. e.,closed（ inside reserves）,linking（ linking the reserves） and open（ starting from reserve but ending outside） corridors were distinguished by their spatial interactions with existing major national nature reserves（ i. e.,Altun,Kekexili and Qiangtang NNRs） in the alpine desert of QTP,and their spatial patterns,conservation status associated with human disturbance were also examined. Although our research indicated a general ecological integration of both habitats and ecological corridors in the alpine desert ecosystem,increasing human disturbance should not be ignored,which particularly partially undermined the functioning of those ecological corridors linking the nature reserves. Considering disadvantages of prevailing separate administrative structure of nature reserve on the effective conservation of ecological corridors for those endangered ungulates,a coordinative conservation network among these major national nature reserves should be established to ensure the unified trans-boundary conservation efforts and to enhance its overall conservation efficacy by sharing information,knowledge and optimizing conservation resources.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第8期2504-2510,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
环保公益性行业科研专项(201209033)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC01B02)资助
关键词
藏羚
生态廊道
人为干扰
高寒荒漠区
青藏高原
Tibetan antelope
ecological corridor
human disturbance
alpine desert
QinghaiTibet Plateau
作者简介
诸葛海锦，女，1989年生，硕士．主要从事生态保护规划研究．E—mail：hik—zhuge@mail．bnu．edu．cn通讯作者．E-mail：lixw@bnu．edu．cn
