摘要
文章对齐家文化玉礼器如璧、琮、刀、戈、圭、璋、璜进行比较研究,发现璧琮组合源自新石器时代良渚文化,刀戈组合和圭璋组合始于青铜时代。大玉刀和大玉璋主要流行于夏代,是夏代文化的标志,亦是齐家文化的特色。玉器的盛衰表明齐家文化不仅是东亚文化的组成部分,亦反映了夏朝的时代特征和社会状况。自三代到秦汉再到隋唐直至明清,玉器发展除了雕琢工艺进步以外,其形制品种基本上没有脱离齐家文化玉器范畴,儒家文化主要礼器形制正是基于齐家文化玉器的基本造型。齐家文化玉器在东亚玉文化发展史上起了承上启下作用,应该是夏代玉器的重要组成部分。
After making a comparative analysis on the jade wares of Qijia culture, the paper finds that Bi-Cong Series （Bi： piece of jade with hole in center; Cong： a long hollow piece of jade with rectangular sides） originated from Liangzhu Culture of the Neolithic Age; the Knife-and-Dagger-Axe Series, and the Gui-Zhang Series （Gui and Zhang： jade tablet） from the Bronze Age. The large jade knives and large jade Zhang were popular in the Xia Dynasty. They are the symbol of Xia Culture and the era characteristics of Qijia Culture as well. The rise and fall of jade wares showed that Qijia culture were not only an integral part of the East Asian culture, but also reflected the era characteristics and social situation of Xia Dynasty. Since the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties, and even to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the shapes and varieties of jade wares basically came down in one continuous line with those of Qijia culture jade wares, except for the progress in carving technology. And shapes and structures of main jade wares from Confucian culture were just based on the basis shapes of Qijia culture jade wares. Jade wares of Qijai culture played a connecting role in the developing history of jade culture in East Asia, and they should be an important part of jade wares of the Xia Dynasty.
出处
《百色学院学报》
2015年第2期9-18,共10页
JOURNAL OF BAISE UNIVERSITY
关键词
齐家文化
玉器
二里头遗址
夏代
Qijia Culture
jade wares
Erlitou Site
Xia Dynasty
作者简介
作者简介：易华，湖南娄底人，中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所研究员。
