摘要
东北山定子（Malus baccata（L.）Borkh）野生居群集中分布区位于49°11＇-50°40＇N,119°42＇-120°16＇E之间,海拔520-670 m,呈带状分布于大兴安岭西南麓与呼伦贝尔平原交接的河床半湿地,面积约230 km^2,处于原始野生状态。调查423份自然变异类型表明：树龄最大400年生以上,30-50年生为主体占37%;树姿以直立型与开张型为主,垂枝型占14%;株高与冠径均呈正态分布,矮生型占19.8%;果实颜色由黄经红到紫色变异,浓红型占43.8%,黄色与紫色类型分别占4.5%、3.2%;果实酸、酸甜、甜酸共占总群体的72.9%;自然授粉前提下,平均每花序坐果3个的占47.7%,坐果5个的占26.5%,3.5%的成龄树没有果实;叶形与果形有扁圆、圆、卵圆、长椭圆等,但叶形与果形之间无遗传相关性。群体遗传分析参考国内外研究进展,结合分布区的GPS、河流走向、地貌特征、树龄分布、采访记录等推测：东北山定子是山定子组（Malus baccatus Jiang）的地理亚种,集中分布于大兴安岭西南麓的山谷间,海拔800m左右,种子经河水、鸟类等作用,延伊敏河、根河、海拉尔河、雅鲁河等流域自然迁徙扩散至海拉尔的黑羊站、蒙古屯、哈克镇,满洲里黑山头口岸的弘吉拉布等地,在近河的山谷地带逐渐适应繁衍形成二级集中分布区。
The concentration distribution areas of natural population of Malus baccata（ L.） Borkh are located in49°11＇ - 50°40＇N,119°42＇ - 120°16＇E,altitude from 620 m to 670 m,present a form of band and covere the connection of half-moisture land between Foothill of Da Xinganling and Plain of Hu Lunbeier,cover the surface of230km2. They preserved naturally. 423 of individuals were tested. The results indicated that 1 to 400 years old of tree-age were found,and 37% of them were from 30 to 50 years old. Upright and open were the 2 mainly types of tree figure,dropping style take the occupation of 14%. Tree height and crown diameter presented a trend of Positive Tai Distributes,dwarf type were 19. 8%. Fruit color were found through yellow,red-purple and dark-red took the occupation of 43. 8%,yellow 4. 5% and purple 3. 2%. Acid types including sweet-acid were 72. 9% in generally.Under the condition of natural pollinate,47. 7% of them bearing 3 fruits in one inflorescence,26. 5% of them with5 fruits,and 3. 5% with no fruits. The figures of oblate,round,oval and oblong were presented in leaves and fruits,there were no correlations between fruits and leaves. Based on GPS,rivers trend,geomorphology character,treeage,records compared with genetic analysis and the results of references. We concluded that Malus baccata（ L.）Borkh was inferior-geography species of Malus baccatus Jiang which accumulated in the northwest valleys of ‘Da Xinganling＇,altitude on 800 m,seeds were carried by rivers and birds,and followed by the rivers of Yi Min,Gen,Hai Laer and Ya Lu,migrating in the towns of Hei Yangzhan,Meng Gutun,Ha Kezhen and Hong Jilabu,which were belonged to the city of Hai Laer and Manzhouli. They were adapted and reproduced,then formed the second class evolution areas.
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期490-496,共7页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
苹果产业体系专项(nycytx-08-01-05)
省创新团队-多抗性砧木选育
公益性行业科研专项(201203075-05)
关键词
山定子
野生居群
地理分布
群体遗传
Malus baccata （ L. ） Borkh
natural population
geographical regions
population genetic
作者简介
主要从事苹果砧木育种。E—mail：lnpgzm@sina．com
通信作者：刘志，主要从事苹果育种研究。E—mail：lnliuzhi@163．com
通信作者：孙建设，主要从事苹果栽培研究。E-mail：jiansheapple@163．com
