摘要
2013年5月,在乌梁素海湿地的明水区、湖中芦苇（Phragmites australis）区、人工芦苇区（弃耕26 a）和弃耕芦苇区（弃耕3 a）,采集0~40 cm深度的土壤（或沉积物）样品,研究土壤的有机碳组成[颗粒有机碳（POC）和矿质结合有机碳（MOC）]和碳储量。乌梁素海明水区的平均水深1~3 m,生长着沉水植物;湖中芦苇区水深约1 m,自然生长着野生芦苇,常年淹水;弃耕芦苇区为2011年农田退耕后形成的芦苇沼泽,季节性淹水;人工芦苇区的芦苇于1988年种植,季节性淹水。结果表明,明水区和湖中芦苇区表层土壤（0~10 cm深度）的总有机碳含量（〉15 g/kg）明显高于弃耕芦苇区[（2.60±0.33）g/kg]和人工芦苇区[（6.29±0.75）g/kg]。随着土壤深度的增加,人工芦苇区、明水区和湖中芦苇区土壤的总有机碳（TOC）含量都在减少。弃耕芦苇区各深度土壤的总有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量都相对最低。湖中芦苇区表层土壤的颗粒有机碳含量[（6.96±3.02）g/kg]最高,并且随着土壤深度的增加,其颗粒有机碳含量减少最快。除弃耕芦苇区外,其他采样区土壤（沉积物）的矿质结合有机碳含量都随着土壤深度的增加而减少,且在10~20 cm深度变化最明显,与颗粒有机碳含量垂直变化相似。明水区沉积物的颗粒有机碳含量占总有机碳含量的比例相对较低,表明其碳库最稳定。各采样区土壤（沉积物）不同组分有机碳含量与有机氮含量显著线性相关,TOC/TON、POC/PON和MOC/MON平均值分别为11.0、12.8和10.2。明水区沉积物总有机碳的储量最高（3.93 kg/m2）,其次为湖中芦苇区（3.48 kg/m2）和人工芦苇区（3.18 kg/m2）,弃耕芦苇区土壤总有机碳的储量仅为1.87 kg/m2。各采样区土壤（沉积物）的矿质结合有机碳储量都占较大比例,分别为80.2%（明水区）、67.9%（湖中芦苇区）、78.3%（人工芦苇区）和68.8%（弃耕芦苇区）。如果沼泽化导致明水区退化为芦苇沼泽,乌梁素海湿地的碳库损失将达到0.45 kg/m2。
The composition and storage of organic carbon in soils of Ulansuhai wetlands were studied. The study was conducted in the open water area of Ulansuhai Nur with the average water depth of 1-3 m and submerged plant grown; the natural reed area in the lake with water of 1 m depth and covered by wild reed; the artificial reed area（recovery for 26 years） seasonally flooded and in which the reed was cultivated in 1988; and the reed marshes recovered from abandoned farmlands（recovery for 3 years） located in the northwest of the Lake, seasonally flooded because of the rise of the ground water table in 2011. The soil samples were collected at four depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm from 7 sediment profiles of the open water area, 4 sediment profiles of the natural reed area, 2 soil profiles of the area of reed marshes, and 1 soil profiles of the artificial reed area in May 2013. The results showed that the total organic carbon contents in the top layer（0-10 cm depth） of sediments in the open water area and the natural reed area were higher than 15 g/kg, and much higher than that in the reed marshes（（2.60 ± 0.33） g/kg） and the artificial reed area（（6.29 ± 0.75） g/kg）.The particulate organic carbon content（（6.96 ± 3.02） g/kg） in the top layer of sediment in the natural reed area was the highest, but decreased sharply with depth. Shown as the lowest POC/TOC, the carbon stock in the sediment was most stable in the open water area. There was significantly linear correlation between the contents of organic carbon and nitrogen in soils, and the average value of TOC/TON, POC/PON, and MOC/MON were 11.0, 12.8 and 10.2 respectively. The carbon storage（3.93 kg/m2） in the sediment was the highest in the open water area, followed by the natural reed area（3.48 kg/m2）, the artificial reed area（3.18 kg/m2）, and the reed marshes（1.87 kg/m2）. The mineral associated organic carbon storage shared a large proportion of the carbon storage in the soils or sediments. The carbon storage would be reduced by 0.45 kg/m2 at least if the open water area was degraded to the reed marshes.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期252-257,共6页
Wetland Science
基金
内蒙古自治区应用技术研究与开发资金项目
北京市大学生科学研究与创业行动计划资助项目
北京师范大学校级本科生科研基金项目资助
关键词
土壤有机碳组成
碳储量
颗粒有机碳
矿质结合有机碳
乌梁素海湿地
composition of organic carbon in soil
carbon storage
particulate organic carbon
mineral associated organic carbon
Ulansuhai wetlands
作者简介
黄昕琦（1993-），女，江西省南昌人，在读本科生，主要从事湿地碳循环研究。E—mail：hxq9346@126．com
通讯作者：黄永梅，副教授。E—mail：ymhuang@bnu．edu．cn
